- 學位論文
明知山有虎，偏向虎山行－－從莫拉克採訪經驗看記者的挺進與勞動
"Hunt in the Mountains Though the Tigers Await"--An Examination of Journalists' Venturing and Working Condition through Their News Gathering Experience in the Typhoon Morakot Catastrophe
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摘要
中文摘要 2009年八月八日深夜，中度颱風莫拉克侵襲台灣，造成659人死亡，40人失蹤，其中高雄縣小林村滅村導致近五百人身亡、六龜新開部落32人遭土石掩埋等慘劇，於全國民眾心中留下難以磨滅的印象；莫拉克風災也因其災情之重、災區分佈之廣，不僅國內媒體大規模報導，亦受國際媒體關注。 災難向來是社會焦點，負責前往現場傳遞第一手訊息的記者，其「挺進」行為也引發熱烈討論。本篇深度報導共訪問18位於莫拉克風災期間下災區的記者、1位同事、6位公司主管、5位學者專家，試圖還原風災採訪的實況，並反映組織支援的條件、記者的勞動情境及挺進抉擇。 本篇報導發現，記者於災難期間遭遇的勞動困境，包括(1)組織所提供硬體(採訪、安全)設備不足(2)人力調度吃緊(3)新聞室內、室外的斷裂(4)自身勞動意識的缺乏。而在判定事件具備一定新聞價值的前提下，記者們挺進與否則受到(1)截稿時間(2)人身安全與獨家選擇(3)救災狀況(4)天候與環境等因素所拉扯。 由記者實際的勞動情境可觀察到，他們於災難期間十分缺乏、且亟需面對的問題，也許是人身安全的保障──多可以從組織層面來推動：實際做法包括實施安全訓練、提供安全裝備；另外在個人層面，記者也可以多方嘗試災難報導的可能，稍稍緩和挺進的壓力。同時，透過執法機關的強制力，提高組織與記者的配合度，以上因素若能多方持續作用，記者於災難期間的勞動條件與安全保障也才存在改善的可能、進步的空間。
並列摘要
English Summary At midnight of August 8th, 2009, medium-strength Typhoon Morakot stroke Taiwan, causing 659 people dead and 40 others missing before it finally headed to China. News such as the destruction of Hsiaolin Village in Kaohsiung, which claimed nearly 500 lives, and the mudslide which buried 32 in Xinkai Village of Liukuei Township, Kaohsiung County, have left strong impressions on nearly every countryman’s mind. Because of the devastating calamities and the widespread disaster areas, the typhoon has attracted large scales of attention not only from local media, but also foreign ones. Disasters always draw the attention of the whole society; journalists’ behavior of “advancing to the front line,” meaning going to the spot to acquire first-hand information, has been under heated discussion. This in-depth report has interviewed 18 journalists who went to the disaster areas during the Typhoon Morakot period, one of their colleague, 6 media superintendents, and 5 scholars or experts, trying to restore the scenes of interview on typhoon days, and to reflect on the circumstances of support from media organizations, as well as the working conditions of journalists and their decisions on whether to advance or not. This in-depth report finds that the working predicaments journalists face during the period of interviewing disaster-related news include: (1) the inadequacies of (interview, safety) equipments (2) the shortage of manpower (3) the discrepancy of recognition between superintendents in the newsroom and journalists on the spot (4) the lack of labor consciousness. Under the prerequisite of regarding the events as having certain degrees of “news value,” journalists usually judge whether they will advance further depending on the following factors: (1) press time (2) the dilemma between personal security and the chase for exclusives (3) the situation of evacuation (4) the conditions of weather and environment. From the working condition in reality, we can observe that the urgent issue journalists have to face (which they really lack when interviewing disaster-related news) may be the proper protection on personal security. The work can mostly be done by the media organizations, including carrying out security training lessons and offering safety equipments. On the individual scale, a journalist can try out various possibilities of reporting disasters, which might alleviate the pressure of “advancing.” At the same time, the government authority should use its coercive power more, to make the organizations and journalists cooperate in doing the right things. If all the elements mentioned above could consistently work out together, the working condition of journalists as well as their safety during the process of reporting disasters may have the possibility of improvement.
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