公車路線最佳車型組合與車隊規模

Optimal Combination and Fleet Number of Vehicle Size for Bus Routes

黃怡靜(Yi-Chin Huang)

指導教授 ： 周義華

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.02344

摘要

公車系統無論是在現在或是未來，都將是各都市不可或缺的大眾運輸工具。因此，如何使公車業者更有效率地營運，及使民眾使用公車的成本節省，都將是規劃者未來考量的重點。
目前公車業者在營運車輛型式的選擇上，多是使用傳統公車提供服務，或是使用單一種公車型式，造成在尖峰時段於部分路段中，乘客需要忍受過份擁擠，而離峰時段車輛承載率低，車內空位甚多。過去曾有研究提出混合車型營運之建議[許文達]，但其假設混合車種為70人及100人座公車，並侷限於單一時段，其他如適用條件、車種混合比例、不同車種間之班距皆混淆不清，或是有特定比例限制。
然而，即使有研究是針對多時段混合車隊進行探討[李克聰、曾亮勳]，但求解所得之最佳組合為車輛容量15人大車及6人小車，以目前營運中車輛容量為30人的小型公車提供服務，即可滿足需求，而若要將其劃分為不同車型大小組合顯得不合理，亦不符合實際營運狀況。
因此，本研究在限定的公車服務水準（承載率）下，由已知之旅客起訖站資料，以系統總成本（乘客等車時間成本、車內時間成本及業者營運成本三者之和）最小為目標函數，並以數學規劃法構建單一時段決策變數之限制條件，求解在一週中各時段之最佳公車車型組合、車輛數及其班次數。然後限定在最大承載區間時，不得有車輛閒置狀況發生，再進一步綜合考慮全週中各日、各時段之運量變化，求得使一週系統總成本最低的最佳車型組合及車輛數。

關鍵字

系統成本 ； 車隊規模 ； 公車排班 ； 公車容量

並列摘要

The bus system will hardly be substituted in any city, now or in the future. Hence, running buses more efficiently will be the main consideration of bus operators.
Presently most bus operators use standard buses or use a singly type of bus to provide service. This leads some sections of the buses being overcrowded in peak periods and the load factor in the off-peak periods are low. Since using mixed types of buses were proposed in some previous researches, they only discussed a peak period of time or with many unsuitable assumptions. The optimal combination of minibuses and standard buses has never been investigated.
Therefore, in this research, we focus on the optimal combination, the number of vehicles in the fleet and its schedule under a given level of service and the known trip distribution, to achieve the objective of minimizing total system costs. Furthermore, we will extend the analysis period to a whole day and then to a whole week to find out the optimal bus combination and its fleet number of vehicle size of a route.

並列關鍵字

system cost ； fleet size ； bus capacity ； combination of vehicle sizes

參考文獻

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