- 學位論文
性別與生涯抱負：探討自我-高層管理一致性與知覺主管支持的中介效果
Gender and Career Aspirations: Examining Mediating Effects of Self-senior Management Congruence and Perceived Supervisor Support
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摘要
本研究旨在探討性別與職場因素、員工生涯抱負之間的關係，職場因素包括員工的自我-高層管理一致性和知覺主管支持，生涯抱負則分為領導抱負與成就抱負兩個構面來探討。本研究構建了一個以自我-高層管理一致性與知覺主管支持為中介變項，性別為自變項，生涯抱負為因變項的模型以供分析與驗證。 本研究採用問卷調查法開展調查，並藉助網路問卷，透過社交軟體發放問卷。問卷內容主要包括領導抱負、成就抱負、自我-高層管理一致性、知覺主管支持四個量表（分量表），以及受測者的基本資料。本研究最終採集到有效樣本132份，並利用SPSS對資料進行整理與統計分析，透過多元階層迴歸分析對研究假設進行驗證。 研究結果顯示，女性比男性擁有更低的領導抱負與相似的成就抱負，自我-高層管理一致性在性別與領導抱負之間發揮了完全中介的作用，即與男性相比，女性認為自身特質與高層管理職位匹配度較低，因而對領導他人、管理組織的期望也較低。知覺主管支持沒有對性別與生涯抱負產生中介效果，但與自我-高層管理一致性一樣，都同時與領導抱負、成就抱負存在顯著的正相關。 最後一部分揭示了本研究的理論與實踐意涵、研究限制以及對於後續研究的建議。
並列摘要
The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship among gender, work factors and employee’s career aspirations. Work factors include self-senior management congruence and perceived supervisor support. Career aspirations are defined by two components, leadership aspiration and achievement aspiration. A model in which the work factors function as mediators, gender as independent variable and career aspirations as dependent variable was developed and examined. Data were collected via an online survey for which participants were reached through social network platform. Demographic questions and scales of leadership aspiration, achievement aspiration, self-senior management congruence and perceived supervisor support were used in the questionnaire. An effective sample of 132 employees was finally got from the survey. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis via SPSS was used to test the hypotheses. According to the results, female employees have lower leadership aspirations than male but comparable achievement aspiration. Self-senior management congruence fully mediated the relationship between gender and leadership aspiration, namely, female employees have lower expectations of leading people and managing organizations because they are less likely than men to see themselves as fitting into positions of senior management. Although perceived supervisor support did not mediate the relationship between gender and career aspirations, it was positively related to both leadership and achievement aspirations, just as self-senior management congruence. In the end, the research and practical implications, limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
參考文獻
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