從交易成本與資源依賴觀點探討供應鏈協同合作－台灣手機組裝產業之實證研究

Research on Supply Chain Collaborative Modes Based on Transaction Cost and Resource Dependence Theories－An Empirical Study on Taiwan Mobile Phone Assembling Industries

鄒佳穎(Chia-Ying Tsou)

指導教授 ： 蔣明晃 ； 郭瑞祥

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/商學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.01779

摘要

隨著組織疆界日趨模糊，以及合作替代競爭的潮流，供應鏈成員間協同合作的議題日趨重要。而以往文獻關於市場與層級組織之間的中間協同合作模式探討較為缺乏，而中間模式的研究也較少在於分析比較企業在哪些情況下會想要在合作關係當中投入股權予以提高控制程度。於是本研究主要目的發展供應鏈成員選擇不同統治程度合作方式之影響因素，並且探討哪些因素有鑑別不同統治程度合作方式之關鍵影響能力。

本研究以統治觀點界定本研究之研究範圍為位於市場與層級組織之間的混合模式，而合作的附加價值則鎖定在供應鏈上下游的製造服務協同合作，並以是否有股權投入為切入點，將協同合作區分為高度統治程度及低度統治程度。應用交易成本、資源依賴兩種理論基礎，嘗試提出影響供應鏈成員選擇不同統治程度合作方式之因素主要來自於不確定性（包括需求不確定性、技術不確定性及績效不確定性）、專屬性投資（包括供應商的專屬性投資及買方的專屬性投資）及資源依賴程度（包括資源實質重要性、資源相關應用重要性以及供應集中程度）三大構面之研究架構，並根據研究架構建立研究假設。

本研究以國內手機組裝廠商為研究對象，採用問卷調查法收集初級資料並以因素分析萃取主要因素，再利用t檢定及逐步鑑別等統計方法加以驗證。

實證研究結果我們得到以下幾點結論：第一、所有的不確定性因素、供應商的專屬性投資以及資源重要性會顯著的影響公司是否提高合作方式統治程度，然而買方的專屬性投資及供應集中程度則不顯著。第二、對於區分兩種合作方式，需求不確定性、績效不確定性、技術不確定性以及資源實質重要性有著較重要之鑑別能力。
由研究結果我們發現不論不確定性的來源是來自於產品需求不確定性、合作產品技術不確定性或合作案中公司績效的不確定性都會顯著的影響公司是否提高合作方式統治程度，並且都具有相當關鍵的影響能力，可知不確定性是供應鏈成員非常想要掌控的關鍵因素。而資源重要性當中又以資源實質重要性具有較關鍵之鑑別能力，可知關鍵零組件的掌控對供應鏈成員而言也是相當需要重視的競爭能力。

關鍵字

協同合作 ； 手機組裝產業 ； 供應鏈管理 ； 資源依賴理論 ； 交易成本理論

並列摘要

With the trend of virtual corporation, how companies collaborate with one another within a supply chain to maximize the total profit is getting more important. This research, focusing on inter-firm collaboration mechanism, is different from the past research on either “market transaction” or “hierarchy control” mechanism. The goal of this research is to analyze the influential factors on determining different levels of governance within the supply chain collaboration. In addition, how companies enhance their governance power or coordination effect by investing equity to their partner companies will be also addressed.

Based on the Transaction Cost and Resource Dependence theories, a conceptual framework is first proposed, in which two levels of governance, high and low, is determined by three types of influential factors consisting of uncertainty (including volume unpredictability, technological unpredictability, and performance ambiguity), specific investment (including supplier’s specific investment and buyer’s specific investment), and resource dependency (including resource main importance, resource extended importance and concentration of resource control). Several hypotheses are then proposed.

To test these hypotheses, empirical data from Taiwan mobile phone assembling industries are collected. With the data collected mainly through structural questionnaire, formal factor analysis is conducted, followed by t-test and discriminant analysis.

The conclusions from these empirical data include the following. First, all uncertainty factors, supplier’s specific investment, resource main importance, and resource extended importance are all significant in determining a firm’s governance level while buyer’s specific investment and concentration of resource control are not significant. Second, volume unpredictability is the most significant factor in the discriminant ability, followed by performance ambiguity, technological unpredictability and resource main importance.

並列關鍵字

Supply Chain Management ； Resource Dependence Theory ； Transaction Cost Theory ； Collaborative modes ； Mobile Phone Assembling Industries

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