氮肥種類與用量對穿心蓮與艾草生長及生理營養的影響

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizers and Application Rates on the Growth and Physiological-nutrition of Andrographis paniculata and Artemisia indica

陳志銘(Chih-Min Chen)

指導教授 ： 鍾仁賜

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農業化學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.01847

摘要

摘要
許多藥物是由植物萃取純化而得，藥用植物的使用與需求量與日劇增，故藉栽培方法提高藥用植物的品質將是獲取這些植物的重要手段之一。本研究利用1/5,000 a Wagner盆進行盆栽試驗，探討氮肥種類及用量對穿心蓮與艾草生長及生理營養的影響。地點位於本校農場。設計採逢機完全區集排列，處理分為對照組 (CK)、化學氮肥施用量：穿心蓮每盆0.25 g、0.5 g、0.75 g 氮 (Chem 1、Chem 2與Chem 3)；艾草每盆0.5 g、1.0 g、1.5 g 氮 (Chem 1、Chem 2與Chem 3) 和有機肥料施用量每盆1 g氮 (Org)，化學肥料處理另添加磷0.25 g與鉀0.35 g。每處理四重複。穿心蓮與艾草分別於種植後的三個月採收與四個月採收植體與土壤。植體分根、莖和葉，測定總氮、硝酸態氮、銨態氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵、錳、銅、鋅、可溶性醣及特定二次代謝物濃度。土壤測定pH值、導電度值、總氮、硝酸態氮、銨態氮、Bray-1磷、有機質、Mehlich III萃取之鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵、錳、銅及鋅濃度。
結果顯示，兩種植物的總氮濃度則以Chem2與 Chem3處理較高，但以Chem3處理的產量最低，穿心蓮的植體產量在各處理間無顯著差異。穿心蓮內酯於穿心蓮葉部的濃度以Org為最高，其次為CK、Chem1與Chem2，最低為Chem3處理，故施用過多化學氮肥可能降低穿心蓮的品質。艾草之Org處理的鉀吸收量及植體中鉀濃度顯著地比其他處理高；穿心蓮各處理植體的鉀濃度則無顯著差異。兩種植物的不同處理間之鈣與鎂的吸收量與濃度以Chem2與Chem3比其他處理者高。植物收穫後土壤pH值、有機質、Bray-1磷、Mehlich III可萃取鉀、鈣與鎂濃度等，Org處理皆比其他處理者高；Mehlich III可萃取銅濃度以Org處理最低。

關鍵詞：氮肥施用、穿心蓮、艾草、穿心蓮內酯、養分吸收。

關鍵字

養分吸收 ； 氮肥施用 ； 穿心蓮內酯 ； 艾草 ； 穿心蓮

並列摘要

Abstract
Various kinds of drug are extract and purtify from plants, therefore, the usage and demand for medicinal plants increase with passing day. One of the methods to obtain high quality medical plants is through cultivation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different kinds and rates of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and physiological-nutrition of Andrographis paniculata and Artemisia indica Willd. in pot culture. The experiments were conducted in the experiment farm of National Taiwan University. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in randomized complete block design. There were five treatments for both plants: 1. check (CK); 2. chemical nitrogen fertilizer of rate I (Chem 1); 3. chemical nitrogen fertilizer of rate II (Chem 2); 4. chemical nitrogen fertilizer of rate III (Chem 3); 5. organic fertilizer (Org). The same amounts of phosphorous (0.25 g P pot-1) and potassium (0.35 g K pot-1) fertilizers were applied to the chemical fertilizer treated plots. A. paniculata and A. indica Willd. were harvested after growing three and four months, respectively. The soil was also sampled after harvesting of the plants. The plants were separated into root, stem, and leaf. The concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, and soluble sugar of the plants were analyzed. For the soil, the pH, electrical conductivity of saturation extract, and the concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, Bray-1 P, organic matter, extractable potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc were determined. The andrographolide in different parts of A. paniculata was also determined.
The results indicated that the concentration of total nitrogen in two kinds of plant increased with the increase of application rates of nitrogen fertilizer. However, the dry matter yield of Chem 3 treatment was the lowest among treatments. The concentration of andrographolide in A. paniculata of Org treatment was the highest and that of Chem 3 treatment the lowest. The concentration and the amount of potassium in A. indica Willd. of Org treatment was significantly higher than those of the others; however, there was no significant difference in potassium concentration in A. paniculata. The concentrations and the amount of calcium and magnesium in two kind of plant of Chem 2 and Chem 3 treatments were higher than those of the others. The pH, the concentrations of organic matter, the Bray-1 P, Mehlich III extractable potassium, calcium, and magnesium in soil of Org treatment was higher than those of the other treatments. The concentration of Mehlich III extractable copper in soil of Org treatment was the lowest among treatments.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilization, Andrographis paniculata, Artemisia indica Willd., Andrographolide, Nutrient uptake.

並列關鍵字

Artemisia indica Willd. ； Nutrient uptake ； Andrographis paniculata ； Nitrogen fertilization ； Andrographolide

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