膠體粒子之製備：實驗規劃與定性量測

Preparation of Colloidal Particles: Experimental Design and Characterization

安卡拉(Anca-Mihaela Nacu)

指導教授 ： 徐治平

國立臺灣大學/工學院/化學工程學研究所/博士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.01900

摘要

本文以實驗設計方法製備所需特定平均尺寸與標準偏差內之膠體粒子。吾人利用溶膠—凝膠法(sol-gel)製造出次微米級之二氧化鈦與氫氧化鎂粒子並分別加以沈澱。二氧化鈦可在酸性條件下將異丙基氧化鈦(titanium isopropoxide)溶於乙醇與水中合成出，而氫氧化鎂可利用沈澱不同的鎂鹽（MgCl2, Mg(NO3)2與MgSO4）於氫氧化鈉中獲得。文中利用實驗設計之技巧，針對各實驗中所選取出的實驗變因分別加以比較並討論其個別效應。製備二氧化鈦粒子時的實驗變因包括(alkoxide濃渡/water濃渡)、氯化氫溶液濃度、進料速率與溫度，製備氫氧化鎂粒子的則包括鹽與鹼類的濃度、進料速率與混合速率。利用實驗設計的技巧，不僅可以討論相關變因對粒子尺寸及其分佈之標準偏差所造成的效應，也可以決定在某些情況下對於獲得較小尺寸與單一分佈膠體粒子的理想條件。研究中利用SEM、TEM、XRD、FTIR、與TGA等儀器來分析所製備出的固態粒子，也探討了相關膠體系統中的重要特性，例如表面電位、穩定性、與流變性質等。吾人也使用一系列非離子性界面活性劑製備出大豆油-水乳液，並利用acoustic-electroacoustic儀器來探討溫度、界面活性劑之HLB、與油滴中界面活性劑-油的尺寸大小比率對於整個系統的影響。相同的實驗技巧也用來決定在缺少鹽類下液滴的表面電位。文中也探討一水性二氧化鈰(ceria)懸浮溶液的流變特性，並分析粒子濃度、溫度、酸鹼度、與離子濃度對它的影響。

關鍵字

膠體粒子,製備

並列摘要

This thesis is concerned with the preparation and characterization of colloidal particles and the possible use of experimental design in tailoring particles of desired mean particle size and standard deviation. Sub-micron particles of titania and magnesium hydroxide were prepared by sol-gel method and respectively precipitation.
Titania was synthesized from titanium isopropoxide dissolved in alcohol and water in acidic conditions, while magnesium hydroxide was obtained by precipitation of different magnesium salts (MgCl2, Mg(NO3)2 and MgSO4) with sodium hydroxide. For experimental variables for each experiment were chosen and their effects were compared and discussed using an experimental design technique. The variable chosen were [alkoxide]/[water], HCl concentration, feed rate and temperature for titania and the concentrations of salt and base, feed rate and mixing rate for magnesium hydroxide. By using this technique, not only the effect of these variables on the particle size and standard deviation of the particle size could be discussed, but in certain cases the optimum conditions for obtaining monodispersed, small colloidal particles can be determined. The solid particles prepared were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR and TGA.
Some important characteristics of colloidal systems, such as

並列關鍵字

Colloidal Particles

參考文獻

Chapter 1

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