異相反應蒸餾的設計與控制

Design and Control of Heterogeneous Reactive Distillation System

陳毅偉(Yi-Wei Chen)

指導教授 ： 余政靖

國立臺灣大學/工學院/化學工程學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.01936

摘要

摘要
近年來結合反應和分離功能的反應蒸餾重新受到重視。本研究主要探討的問題為異相反應反應蒸餾，如乙酸丁酯及乙酸戊酯系統。由熱力學模式上的判斷，我們可知此異相反應蒸餾系統的液液兩相區非常大，故若在塔頂加裝一分相槽將可有效地分離出純水相及有機相，且系統之酯類產品皆為具有最高沸點，故以塔底出料為基本設計架構。
對於重酯類(乙酸丁酯及乙酸戊酯)的反應蒸餾，我們會提出系統化的最適化設計步驟，並引入年總成本(TAC)的計算來得到最經濟的設計架構。接著便針對最適化之結果以若干控制策略進行動態模擬，系統的干擾除了流量和進料比擾動之外，我們亦探討了反應蒸餾塔遭遇觸媒老化的問題，從中評估排除干擾之最佳控制架構。我們的模擬結果顯示系統採取適當的控制架構，在合理的擾動範圍之下，可以得到不錯的控制品質。

關鍵字

酯化反應 ； 乙酸戊酯 ； 反應蒸餾 ； 觸媒老化 ； 乙酸丁酯

並列摘要

Abstract
Last decade has seen renewed interest in reactive distillation. Malone and Doherty (2000) summarize recent progresses. Most of the work focuses on steady-state design and analysis for specific chemical systems. In this work, we study a specific class of reactive distillation: heterogeneous reactive distillation (similar to heterogeneous azeotropic distillation). By heterogeneous reactive distillation, we mean two-liquid phase exists in the reflux drum and a decanter is used for liquid-liquid separation. At the conceptual design stage, we look at the appropriateness of using a decanter in producing high purity product. For esterification reactions, heavy esters such as butyl acetate and amyl acetate fall into this category. Next, a systematic procedure is devised for the design of this type of reactive distillation. Results show that feed location is the dominant optimization variable. For example, 33% and 30% energy saving can be achieved for the butyl acetate and amyl acetate, respectively, simply by arranging the feeds optimally. Since the top product composition is determined by the tie-lines, intuitively, we are dealing with a single-input-single-output (bottoms composition) system. Unfortunately, as pointed out by Luyben (2000), we have to control an internal composition (or temperature) in order to achieve material balance for the reaction/separation system. Therefore, we have a 2

並列關鍵字

reactive distillation ； butyl acetate ； amyl acetate ； catalyst deactivation ； esterification ； two-liquid phase

參考文獻

[2]. Al-Arfaj, M. A.; Luyben, W. L., “Effect of Number of Fractionating Trays on Reactive Distillation Performance,” AIChE J., 46, 2417 (2000).

[3]. Al-Arfaj, M. A.; Luyben, W. L., “Comparison of Alternative Control Structures for an Ideal Two-Product Reactive Distillation Column,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39, 3298 (2000).

[4]. Al-Arfaj, M. A.; Luyben, W. L., “Comparative Control Study of Ideal and Methyl Acetate Reactive Distillation,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 57, 5039 (2002a).

[5]. Al-Arfaj, M. A.; Luyben, W. L., “Control of Ethylene Glycol Reactive Distillation,” AIChE J., 48, 905 (2002b).

[6]. Barbosa, D.; Doherty, M. F., “The Simple Distillation of Homogeneous Reactive Mixture,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 43, 541 (1988).