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  • 學位論文

自組裝團聯共聚物/奈米無機顆粒超結構之製備與其相轉換研究

Investigation of PS-P2VP/HAuCl4 Superstructure and its Phase Transformation via Self-Assembly

指導教授 : 戴子安

摘要


本實驗首先利用陰離子聚合法合成Poly(2-vinylpyridine)以及 Polystyrene-b-Poly(2-vinylpyridine)。由於P2VP的吡啶環之氮原子具備有一孤對電子對,除了可產生氫鍵鍵結外,能與金屬上空價軌域進行配位鍵結。在本研究中我們利用此一特性將不同比例的四氯金酸(hydrogen tetrachloroaurate trihydrate)與上述所合成的高分子在溶液狀態下進行混掺,並利用傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(FTIR)觀察特徵峰的偏移來判別鍵結與否,最後再使溶劑以極緩慢的揮發速率去除以期達熱力學上的平衡並將所形成的塊材做一連串微觀相轉換(microphase transformation)的觀察及探討其物理性質的變化。 為了探討聚合度N對微觀相分離的影響,我們在固定兩種體積分率的情況下(fP2VP=0.13~0.16以及fP2VP=0.5),隨著四氯金酸的添加量增加來探討聚合度N與溶劑(tetrahydrofuran、dichloromethane)對微觀相分離的影響。首先,團聯高分子之有序微結構可以由共聚合物中的一分子鏈段之組成體積分率fS與χN值決定,若χN>100我們稱為Strong Segregation Limit (SSL);10<χN<100我們稱為Intermediate Segregation Limit(IST),在IST的狀況下介於六角柱狀與層板結構之間會形成一特殊微結構,我們稱之為Gyroid,因此我們以實驗來驗證此一特殊結構。 在溶劑選擇方面,由實驗的觀察可發現,四氫夫喃(THF)對於四氯金酸的溶解性相當好而四氯金酸只能微溶於二氯甲烷(dichloromethane)中,因此P2VP鏈段在鍵結四氯金酸後於兩種溶劑中產生溶解度上的差異,造成在四氯金酸鍵結含量較高時產生明顯微結構上的差異。 在混掺物的熱性質方面,本實驗利用四氯金酸與P2VP的混掺物以熱差式掃瞄卡計(DSC)進行研究,在第一次升溫時發現在金鹽含量在氮原子比金原子數目等於7:1( N:Au=7:1)之前混掺物的玻璃轉移溫度隨著含量增加有下降的現象,過了上述的比例後則開始增加,但皆未超過P2VP原有的玻璃轉移溫度(Mn=16000;Tg=96℃),因此推斷四氯金酸與P2VP鍵結後有一種塑化劑的效應存在,而在比例超過7:1後,隨著金鹽的量開始飽和而造成多餘的金鹽產生離子鍵結而束縛著高分子鏈上已鍵結的金鹽進而限制了主鏈的移動能力因此玻璃轉移溫度開始增加。在升溫到約140℃時混掺物開始產生一放熱峰,其放熱範圍約在140℃~200℃,過此放熱峰後作二次升溫可發現所有混摻物隨著金鹽含量增加而Tg亦增加並且高於純P2VP的Tg。將經過放熱峰後的混摻物以WAXS進行測試可發現金的結晶訊號,或將其溶於甲醇中以UV-vis量測亦可證明。 將鍵結四氯金酸並產生微結構的團聯共聚物以150℃、24小時在真空狀態下加熱可發現若以THF為揮發溶劑時,氮原子比金原子為3:1時仍能保持完整結構,四氯金酸含量高於此比例後則開始產生金顆粒而破壞整體結構的完整性。

並列摘要


Self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature and has now become as a new approach in science and technology. The organization of inorganic materials into periodic nanostructures by using block copolymers as templates for self-assembling are expected to produce hybrid materials with synergistic improvements in properties. In this thesis, we studied the effect of incorporating inorganic material, chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) in block copolymer template of polystyrene-b-poly 2-vinyl pyridine (PS-P2VP) on the morphology, phase behavior, thermal and optical properties of the hybrid material. PS-P2VPs are prepared by living anionic polymerization. Because of covalent bonding of mutually immiscible polymer blocks, block copolymers form a variety of nanostructures of ordered array of spheres, cylinders or lamellae depending on the volume fraction of their respective block. The nitrogen atom in pyridine ring having an extra lone-pair electrons forms complex with chloroauric acid which in turn changes the superstructure of the PS-P2VP/HAuCl4 hybrid. Superstructure of ordered array of spheres, cylinders, gyroids, lamellae as well as different shapes of micellar phases can be tailored by choosing appropriate block copolymer, by changing molar ratio of the gold salt to the copolymer added as well as the solvent chosen. The phase diagram of the hybrid system are determined and related to intermolecular interactions on nano- and mesoscopic scales. Self-assembled superstructure are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, wide angle and small-angle x-ray scattering. The superstructures are also used to reduce chloroauric acid into a variety of gold chloride and gold nanoparticles by heating the hybrid materials at 140

參考文獻


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