- 學位論文
節水養蜆系統的生態調查與台灣蜆的濾食研究
Ecological Survey on the Water Saving System for Culture and Feeding Study of the Freshwater Bivalve, Corbicula fluminea
摘要
台灣蜆（Corbicula fluminea）的養殖在台灣為所有二枚貝類中產量第三名，也是淡水貝類中產量第一名。台灣蜆養殖產量並沒有年年增加，反而有所減少，主要是由於淡水資源的污染，以及超抽地下水導致地層下陷的影響，使得淡水資源的取得不易。近年來，為因應淡水資源的不足，開始有採用所謂的節水養殖系統來養殖台灣蜆，主要概念採用生態平衡的模式工法來淨化水質而得重複利用，本研究主要即利用調查蜆池的水質及生物變化，來瞭解節水養蜆系統的功效，同時探討台灣蜆的濾食情形並作為一般水質優氧化處理之參考，來瞭解台灣蜆的濾食情形。結果顯示節水養蜆池，利用施肥產生藻水的肥水池配合養蜆的養殖池的部分水體循環交換，確實可以顯著地達到控制水中葉綠素a含量與適當透明度、並有增加水中溶氧及促進池蜆的成長效果，若管理良好時並有促進水質特別是營養鹽的淨化作用。促進肥水池的藻類培養，結果發現肥水池的藻類培養最有效果的肥份為豆粉、其次為下雜魚肉、米糠的效果則為最差。台灣蜆的濾食影響研究，則發現台灣蜆在水溫25℃、鹽度0-1‰、酸鹼值7的環境下，其濾食的能力最好。以台灣蜆對藻類的高濾除能力，可以用在生態工法裡面，當去除水中藻類或葉綠素a的含量，以減少水質朝向優氧化的好物種。
並列摘要
Freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea is the most important freshwater bivalve in Taiwan. The production of Corbicula fluminea has been decreasing in recent years. The most difficult problem for farming Corbicula fluminea is lack of enough freshwater, due to the water pollution in Taiwan. At the present, the water saving system for farming Corbicula fluminea is exploited and used. The concept of water saving system is purifying the water quality by using ecology engineering, and reused the water for farming Corbicula fluminea. This study is to investigate the effect of the water saving system by ecology survey, and to understand the feeding ecology of the freshwater clam. The result of the ecology survey shows that the water circulation between the algae pond and the culture pond can control the content of chlorophyll a and increase the dissolved oxygen in the culture pond. The growth rate of Corbicula fluminea cultured in the water saving system is faster than that cultured in the common system. The best manure to grow phytoplankton in the algae pond is bean powder, with the secondary and third being the fish meat and rice bran, respectively. The result of the feeding study show Cobicula fluminea cultured at temperature of 25℃, salinity of 0-1psu, and pH 7 has the optimal feeding rate. The ability of filtering feeder of Corbicula fluminea can used to remove algae in water and control formation of the eutrophication.