從政經變遷論司法院組織法之調整

A Research on the Revision of the Organic Act of Judicial Yuan

陳憲裕(Shiann-Yuh Chen)

指導教授 ： 蕭全政

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.02401

摘要

本論文的主旨，在於從內外政經變遷中，探討司法院組織法的調整。以1987年的解嚴和1996年的總統大選為兩個分切點，本論文把戰後台灣的政經發展，分成威權體制、威權轉型，和民主鞏固三個階段；而且依各階段中，司法所被賦予的角色，分析戰後台灣司法體制的發展，並展望司法院組織的未來調整。
在威權統治時期，司法被工具化，因而有司法組織的離散，及干預司法的各種手段。其次，隨著威權體制的轉型，民間社會和司法體制內部隨之出現自省的力量，而推動各種司法改革。
另外，在進入民主鞏固階段後，國民主權意識高漲，司法被認為應該扮演社會正義最後一道防線的功能，以鞏固民主、深化民主；各種版本的司法院組織調整方案，因而被提出。為回應國人對司法改革的要求及因應全球化的需要，本文特以透明化、民主化、專業化，和經濟效益的原則，提出一個變動最小，但卻能發揮作用的司法院組織藍圖。

關鍵字

司法院 ； 組織法 ； 司法院組織法 ； 最高法院 ； 公務員懲戒委員會

並列摘要

The focus of this thesis is to analyze the restructuring of the Organic Act of Judicial Yuan,in the context of the political and economic development in post-war Taiwan. The thesis takes the lifting of martial law in 1987 and the 1996 general presidential election as two historical "landmarks" which divide the post-war political and economic development of Taiwan into three phases: a period of authoritarian rule, a transitional period, and a period of democratic consolidation.And the role assigned to the judiciary during each phase is examined. Also, from this analysis of the development of the judicial system in post-war Taiwan, future reforms for the Judicial Yuan are envisioned.
During the period of authoritarian rule, the judiciary was used as a means of control. So the structure of the judicial system was disarticulated and numerous tactics were utilized to intervene in it.As the authoritarian system started to transform, whereupon the drive from within the civil society and the judicial system emerged to undergo self-examination, and to advance all types of reforms.
In addition, after the start of the democratic consolidation phase, how awareness of the supremacy of citizens' rights gradually awakened and arose. The judiciary was considered that it should genuinely function as the last line of defense for social justice and contribute to the consolidation and deepening of democracy. Every version of Judicial Yuan reform is brought up consequently. This thesis intends to make transparent, to democratize, and to professionalize the judicial system in order to reply to citizens’ demands for judicial reform and to respond to the arrival of globalization. As for the matter of economic benefit, the thesis briefly addresses a modification that, however small, nonetheless can improve the functionality of the Judicial Yuan’s organizational blueprint.

並列關鍵字

Judicial Yuan ； Organic Law ； Organic Act of Judicial Yuan ； Supreme Court ； Commission on the Disciplinary Sanctions of Functionaries

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