車輛高速側撞滾翻之機制分析與改良

車輛翻覆為各種交通事故中嚴重性較高者之一，近年來由於多功能運動型車輛大為流行，該種車輛的翻覆事件也成為交通安全上的重要議題，因此有需要了解引發或加劇車輛翻覆之因素，以有效降低車輛之翻覆傾向。本研究利用參數化全車數值分析模型，並根據動量與能量守恆原理及撞擊測試資料作為輸入，分析在高速車輛受到側向撞擊後的動態行為反應。根據三種側向撞擊位置之車輛滾翻模擬結果，選用最大滾翻角度作為判斷翻覆傾向之指標，發現後撞擊點為使車輛翻覆傾向最大的撞擊位置，並據此探討車輛翻覆之機制及改善建議。此外，亦分析具有避震器變形加速度因素之阻尼力、增加高變形速度阻尼力以及交叉連通式等三種懸吊系統對高速車輛滾翻運動之抑制效果，其結果顯示，交叉連通式懸吊系統的效果最好，顯示低變形速度所對應之阻尼力較高變形速度者更能有效抑制滾翻運動。

關鍵字

翻覆傾向；側向撞擊；懸吊阻尼；交叉連通式懸吊系統

並列摘要

Rollover of vehicles is the main cause of severe and fatal injuries during car accidents on the road. In particular, owing to the advent of multi-purpose vehicles, it has become one of the important safety issues in recent years. It is important to realize the mechanisms that induce or aggravate vehicle rollover, and develop effective technology that is able to reduce the propensity of rollover. Using a parametric full-vehicle numerical model and impact force input estimated by the conservation law of energy and momentum from experiments in the literature, the research aims to analyze dynamic behaviors of oblique side collision for passenger vehicles on the highway. Levels of severity for various impact locations are investigated. Based on the results, the maximum roll angle is chosen as the index to represent the severity of vehicle rollover propensity and the most severe location is found to be the rear impact. Mechanisms of rollover under the most severe scenario are revealed by the established model. The strategies of rollover reduction are discussed and improvements are attempted according to the findings of this research. Effects of suspension deformation acceleration, higher damping at high deformation velocity and diagonally interconnected suspension under high speed side collision are compared. The diagonally interconnected suspension turns out to be the most effective system to reduce rollover propensity in which higher damping at low deformation velocity is more effective than that at high deformation velocity.

並列關鍵字

rollover propensity ； side impact ； suspension damper ； interconnected suspension

參考文獻

[11] 廖家慶，車輛乘適性能分析與驗證，台灣大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，民國94年。

[2] Frimberger, J., Algorithm concepts for rollover detection to activate advanced restraint systems, SAE 2000-01-0057, 2000.

[3] Rakheja, S. and Piche, A., Development of directional stability criteria for an early warning device, SAE 902265, 1990.

[4] Nalecz, A., Lu., A. and d’Entremont, K., An investigation intod dynamic measures of vehicle rollover propensity, SAE 930831, 1993.

[5] Furleigh, D.D., Vanderploeg, M.J. and Oh, C.Y., Multiple steered axles for reducing the rollover risks of heavy articulated trucks, SAE 881866, 1988.

國際替代計量

車輛高速側撞滾翻之機制分析與改良

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