近年來,公共自行車系統在全球城市得到廣泛的關注,越來越多的城市開始運營公共自行車系統。公共自行車系統擴展了大眾運輸系統的服務範圍,成為大眾運輸無縫“門至門”服務中最後一里的重要接駁運具之一。同時,在中短距離的出行中,公共自行車也逐漸成為市民日常選擇的運具之一。通過較長期的相互作用,公共自行車系統對運輸系統可及性的影響也改變了站點周邊土地的出行需求,因此對於公共自行車系統與土地活動之間關係實為重要研究課題。 現有關於公共自行車系統的研究中,大多藉助旅次起迄特性與土地活動因素對公共自行車系統進行出行需求的預測和租賃站選址的優化;另有部分研究就公共自行車系統對市民健康和環境保護方面的效益進行分析。然而,鮮有研究就公共自行車系統如何影響都市土地活動、改變土地使用的程度和型態進行量化分析。 都市土地活動存在明顯的空間異質性,因此需要從空間角度分析公共自行車系統對土地活動的影響。在諸多空間分析方法中,地理加權迴歸(GRW)模式能夠合理描述參數間的局部空間特性。因此,本研究從空間角度出發,建立地理加權迴歸模式,搜集台北市公共自行車及土地活動數據,分析公共自行車及其他因素對土地活動的影響在空間上的變化,驗證地理加權迴歸模式的可用性以及公共自行車對土地活動的積極影響;同時量化分析不同地域特性上公共自行車系統影響土地活動的異同。 此外,本研究嘗試對公共自行車系統在大眾運輸系統中的接駁角色進行量化分析,提出其擴展捷運系統服務範圍的模式,并藉助地理加權迴歸分析予以驗證,研究結果顯示大眾運輸系統服務範圍會因公共自行車系統而改變,此可作為未來公共自行車系統與土地使用整體規劃之參考與應用依據。
Bike sharing systems have attained increasing popularity worldwide. They extend the service coverage of public transit by complementing the last-mile service and enabling seamless door-to-door connectivity. Additionally, within a certain range of short-distance traveling, public bike can be a convenient alternative to walking or motorized vehicles. Collectively, bike sharing systems may re-shape the travel patterns of the associated areas. In the long run, the increased short-distance mobility/accessibility due to bike sharing systems may have further influence on the evolution of the activity systems or even land-use schemes in the areas that their services covered. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effect of bike sharing systems on land-use activity. Most studies of bike sharing system planning focused on demand forecasting and the optimization of the locations and capacities of bike sharing stations based on trip characteristics and land use activities. However, spatial elements of the problem have not been fully explored in the aspect of the interactions between land use and activity system dynamics. Further, urban land use patterns possess high heterogeneity over the activity space. A spatial perspective is necessary for investigating the aforementioned effects. Therefore, a general method, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is applied to measure spatial relationship between spatial heterogeneous factors. Hence, within the proposed framework, this study aims to explore the spatial effects of a bike sharing system on land use activities based on the data collected from the operation of the public bike sharing systems in Taipei, Taiwan. Using distance-based public transportation variables, this study firstly investigates the effects of bike sharing systems on land use activities by employing GWR model. Quantitative analyses are conducted on different districts of Taipei City. In addition, this study tries to measure effects of a bike sharing system on extending the service coverage of public transit. Results of this study can be a reference for planning of bike sharing system with consideration of land use activities.