大陸地區法官制度-兼論台灣法官制度之比較

大陸地區的《法官法》共分總則、職責、義務和權利、法官的條件、任免、任職、回避、法官的等級、考核、培訓、獎勵、懲戒、工資保險福利、辭職辭退、退休、申訴控告、法官考評委員會與附則等17章共53條。本研究將從大陸地區法官制度如何演變至今進行史料文獻的整理，並進一步將1949年中國大陸建政起作為研究分水嶺進行討論。在法官的考試制度與遴選制度乃決定法官素質高低之重要制度設計，又科舉制度自古即肩負起為國「用人選材、擇優而仕」的優良傳統，類推至為國考選法官的制度上，近代又有哪些的制度設計為現代沿用或參考？而遴選制度為何在此波司法改革再次成為大陸地區高層注意的司法改革項目之一？研究延伸至制度面探討法官之監督與保障問題，該制度原係確保法官辦案品質以及生活品質的重要措施依據，惟為因應法官辭職潮而疾呼的提高薪資待遇，是否可解法官荒的難題？最後，則是對於不適任法官在現行法下的處理方式及救濟途徑制度介紹，並且在本研究的最後介紹兩個實際案例以進行討論分析，最終提出本研究整體的觀察結論和建議。

關鍵字

法官制度；法官考試；法官遴選；法官懲戒；辭職與辭退

並列摘要

“The Judges Law of The People’s Republic of China” is divided into General Provisions , Functions and Douties, Obligation and Rights , Qualifications for A Judge , Appointment and Removal, Posts to be Avoided, Grades of Judges ,Appraisal, Training, Awards , Salary ,Insurance and Walfare, Resignation and Dismissal, Retirement, Petition and examination and Assessment of Judges, and Supplementary Provisions. This Master Thesis will study about The Judge Institution in Mainland China. How the judge institution has evolved Mainland historical, and further large since 1949 as the watershed study will be discussed. In The Examination Institution and The Selection of Judges of the quality level of the judge's decision is an important institution design, but also to take up the examination institution since ancient times and what is the modern follow or reference? Why the selection institution of judicial reform has once again become one of the top mainland areas of judicial reform project attention? Research extends to discuss the security issues with the judge's supervision, those institution are important measure to ensure the quality of the judge handling the case and on the basis of quality of life, but just give they well pay the judge’s dilemma solvable or not.Finally, the judge who was unqualified for the present post, the institution apply any access to deal with. In the final presentation of the study, there are two practical cases for discussion about those above chapter, and provide the conclusions and recommendations in my opinion.