變頻多聯空調系統在台美中日綠建築評估指標之研究

Indicator assessment of the Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) air conditioning system on EEWH,LEED,ASGB and CASBEE

王見忠(Chien-Chung Wang)

指導教授 ： 張陸滿

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.02572

摘要

近年來由於變頻多聯空調市場持續蓬勃發展，其節能、獨立控制及溫度控制精確的特性，成為空調產業中新興的一個潮流。且因世界環保意識抬頭，許多國家因為自身國情的條件及所處環境的不同而發展出不同的綠建築評估系統，如LEED(美國)、CASBEE(日本)、BREEAM(英國)及綠建築評價標準(中國大陸)等。我國亦於1996年發展出全球第一個針對亞熱帶、熱帶氣候的綠建築評估體系EEWH(中華民國)，來做為地球「永續發展」的依循目標。但亦因為各地多元的不同條件也使得各綠建築評估體系在節能、減廢減碳上的權重有所不同，其中變頻多聯空調系統亦不例外。
因此本研究以「變頻多聯空調系統(Variable Refrigerant Flow,VRF)」做為主體，將LEED(美國)、CASBEE(日本)、EEWH(臺灣)及綠建築評價標準(中國)四個評估體系進行探討，並藉由國內外文獻彙整、採用比較歸納的方式將其中之同質性與差異性逐一分析，進而彙整出「變頻多聯空調系統」使用於上述各綠建築評估體系上之優劣勢及需注意的事項。同時並透過實際案例「X金控」進行各評估體系的指標分析，以做為日後建築工程選擇綠建築評估體系時套用採行。經由本研究之探討整理後，可歸納出下列幾點結論：
1. 「變頻多聯空調系統」其空調效率應採用部分負載(Part Load)進行評估：變頻空調系統已被各國廣泛使用，各國對其皆有一評估能效高低的指標:如整合部分負載效率(Integrated Part Load Value, IPLV)、全年能源效率(Annual Performance Factor, APF)及整合效率季節運轉效率(Integrated Energy Efficiency ratio, IEER)等，以其對其全年綜合能效進行評比。但僅有EEWH評估體系目前仍以性能係數(Coefficient Of Performance,COP)進行滿載效率之評估方式，無法完全反映變頻多聯空調系統在部份負載時節能的特性。有鑑於此，臺灣最近也因應世界潮流，對於單體機及分離式(包含變頻多聯空調系統)能效認定上修改成採用【冷氣運轉間能量消費效率】 (Cooling seasonal Performance Factor,CSPF)，並將於2017年1月1日開始實施。相信後續新版的EEWH評估體系應會有做相對的調整。
2. 變頻空調系統在LEED上所能貢獻的指標並不高，僅能在效率上進行符合。經加權試算後可取得銀級認證。原因為LEED為美國所開發之評估體系系統，美國當地多數採用空氣調節箱+風管系統(Air Handling Unit+Duct system)，其空調指標較注重其他空調附屬設備如水泵及風機等、空氣品質及驗證部分權重，更勝於空調效率所致。且其重視營建週期及日後運轉耗能上整體對於地球上能源材資上之負擔，故變頻空調系統所占權重並不高。
3. 而在CASBEE(日本)上，變頻多聯空調系統VRF所能佔的權重較高，經試算後其BEE值可得A指標(Very Good)。因其較注重溫度控制及日後維護更換上之運營管理部分。且VRF系統為日本研發並為主流系統，是其主要原因。
4. 綠色建築評價體系(中國)之部分，則因為中國大陸地區幅員遼闊，各地區環境溫度並不完全相同，使其各類型之空調系統蓬勃發展，其權重分配較為廣泛。本案例經試算後可得二星級認證。但經分析後，VRF可做為空氣源、水源地源系統的靈活度，若全數採用後整體指標將會大幅提高至三星級認證。但由於其系統初設費用較高，要請業主在投入前就需要進行評估考慮。

關鍵字

變頻多聯空調系統 ； VRF ； EEWH ； LEED ； CASBEE ； 綠建築評價標準

並列摘要

In recent years, The Variable Refrigeerant Flow (VRF) air conditioner market continned to flourish.Since VRF has meritson energy-saving, indepeneect controll system and precise temperature control features, The VRF industry has become an integral part of the air conditioning. However,the risting concerns of the environmental awareness has caused every leading country to develop their own green building standard in order to protect our environment .Those standard are LEED (USA), CASBEE (Japan), BREEAM (UK) and ASGB (China). Our country,TAIWAN has also developed EEWH(TAIWAN) for sub-tropical and tropical climate in 1996.Also the diversity of the country in different conditions makes energy conservation,waste reduction reduce the weight of each evaluation system,in which VRF air conditioning system is no exception.
Therefore, this study " Variable Refrigeerant Flow "as a subject. We will discuss for different Green Building standards by LEED (USA), CASBEE (Japan), EEWH (TAIWAN) and ASGB (Mainland China) and aggregated domestic and foreign paper,Using relatively inductive way, to do an anylysis on the homogeneity and the difference of the above mentioned four standards, Moreover,we will sort out the strength,weakness and matters needed attention four mentioned Green Building Rating System.At the same time and thrn real case study, "X Holding",analyze the assessment index system for future application of a better Green Building Construction project selection.Through this real case study,we summarized the following for conclusions:
1. " The Variable Refrigeerant Flow (VRF)" should be part of the efficiency of its air conditioning load (Part Load) Assessment: inverter air conditioning system has been widely used in various countries, each country there is a wireless evaluate their level of energy efficiency indicators: such as (partial load efficiency) IPLV , annual operating efficiency (APF) and seasonal operation efficiency (IEER), with its conduct its annual comprehensive energy efficiency rating. But only EEWH assessment system is still in full load efficiency (COP) to assess not fully reflect the part load energy-saving features. Fortunately, according to the ROC Ministry of Economic Affairs on May 29, 2015 enactment of the new announcement, the monomer unit and separate (multi-type air conditioner system contains frequency) energy efficiency has been modified to identify the cooling operation using among the energy consumption efficiency (Cooling seasonal Performance Factor, CSPF), and on January 1, 2017 came into effect. I believe the new version of the follow-up evaluation system should EEWH will be amended to cope with the global trend.
2. Inverter air conditioning system can contribute to the LEED score is not high (but a necessary condition), it is only in efficiency for compliance. The reason for the American system of LEED, the majority of air-conditioning box + duct system, more emphasis on air quality and verification partial weight, more than air conditioning efficiency due. And its emphasis on building energy cycle and the overall operation of timber resources on the burden of energy on the planet, so weighting of inverter air conditioning system is not high in the future.
3. In CASBEE (Japan) on, VRF can account for higher weights.Because of its temperature control and more emphasis on the future operation and management section. And the VRF system developed in Japan and the mainstream system, is the main reason.
4. Green Building Rating System (China), the vast mainland China since then, the region is not exactly the same as the ambient temperature, combined with various types of air conditioning systems to flourish, its weight distribution is more comprehensive. However, after analysis, VRF air source can be used as flexible, water ground source system, if adopted after the overall score will have a considerable

並列關鍵字

Variable Refrigerant Flow ； VRF ； EEWH ； LEED ； CASBEE ； Assessment standard for green building

參考文獻

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