國會議員之經濟背景及其政治生涯選擇：以我國第二至八屆立法院為例

本論文以中華民國第二至八屆立法委員為研究對象，分析其進入國會前職業、到任後財富水平等經濟背景及政治生涯選擇—再參選連任與否—之變遷、現況與關聯。描述分析上，本文發現第二、三屆立法院中許多擁有鉅額財富之企業家立委於近年已漸不復見；歷屆以來，區域立委之平均資產總額先降後增似與其初就任前之職業背景結構變化有關。其次，掌握預算資源較豐富之常設委員會有較高比例成員到任時擁有事業投資，不過該該比例逐年下降、近期甚有反轉之勢；若由委員會成員之事業投資、有價證券或資產總額觀察，資源較豐委員會成員除了於第二屆擁有較高之平均數額，其餘各屆期兩類委員會互有消長。最後，立法院主要政黨—國民黨與民進黨–提名當選之不分區委員，其平均資產總額歷屆以來均有上漲之勢，資產項目上兩黨各有千秋—國民黨歷來擁有事業投資之比例較高、民進黨者之平均有價證券總額穩定增加；若與各黨所提名當選之區域委員相比，不分區委員之資產相對富足—國民黨早期差距較大、近期呈震盪變化，民進黨則是歷年下來穩定成長、區域與不分區委員之越來越大。實證分析上，本文驗證了企業家背景國會議員較不會也不傾向參與次屆國會大選及區域選舉。儘管經多屆期留任，企業家背景議員之再參選率，相較沒有背景者，依然較高而且有隨著年資增加而放大的現象。國會議員之到任資產水平於其中有顯著調節作用，對於企業家背景之國會議員而言，極為富有者相較他人，並不會隨著年資增加，提升其未參選延續機率，反而降低。本文一方面回顧及延續我國國會議員既有研究，並從中提供更多的研究素材、視角與可能方向。另一方面亦盼與美國政治及比較政治等研究領域中有關國會議員經濟背景（Economic Class）、企業家政治人物（Businessman Politician）、生涯選擇（Career Decision）之文獻進行對話—以東亞國家議會之例驗證既存理論，並嘗試銜合各文獻理論內涵提出理論假設進行初步探索、驗證。

關鍵字

立法委員；連任；生涯選擇；經濟背景；財產申報

並列摘要

This thesis takes the second to eighth legislators of the Republic of China as the research object, and analyzes the changes, current situation and relevance of their economic background and political career choices—whether they are re-elected or not—such as their occupation before entering the Congress and their wealth level after arriving. In terms of descriptive analysis, this article finds that many entrepreneurial legislators with huge wealth in the second and third legislatures have gradually disappeared in recent years; the average total assets of regional legislators has decreased and then increased, which seems to be the same as before they took office. The occupational background structure changes. Secondly, standing committees with richer budget resources have a higher proportion of members who have business investment when they arrive, but this proportion has been declining year by year and has recently been reversed; if the committee members’ business investment, securities or total assets It is observed that in addition to the relatively high average number of members in the second-term committee, the two types of committees have fluctuated in each term. Finally, the main political parties of the Legislative Yuan-the Kuomintang and the DPP-nominated the elected members of the non-district areas, and their average total assets have risen over the years. The two parties have their own merits in the asset item. The Kuomintang has always had a relatively high proportion of business investment. The average total amount of securities of the party members has increased steadily; if compared with the regional committees nominated and elected by the parties, the assets of the non-regional committee members are relatively rich-the Kuomintang has a large gap in the early days and has recently undergone shock changes, while the DPP has grown steadily over the years The number of regional and non-regional members is growing. Based on empirical analysis, this article verifies that congressmen with an entrepreneurial background are less likely or not inclined to participate in the next Congressional elections and regional elections. Although they have been in office for multiple terms, the re-election rate of MPs with entrepreneurial background is still higher than those without backgrounds, and it is magnified as their seniority increases. The level of assets of congressmen has a significant moderating effect. For congressmen with an entrepreneurial background, the extremely wealthy will not increase their chances of continuance without being elected as their seniority increases, but will decrease them instead. On the one hand, this article reviews and continues the existing research of Chinese congressmen, and provides more research materials, perspectives and possible directions from it. On the other hand, I also look forward to dialogue with the literature on the economic background of congressmen (Economic Class), entrepreneur politicians (Businessman Politician), and career choice (Career Decision) in the research fields of American politics and comparative politics. Examples are used to verify the existing theories, and try to combine the theoretical connotations of various documents to put forward theoretical hypotheses for preliminary exploration and verification.