影響設計科系大學生創業意圖之研究

A Study of Design Factors Affecting of Design Student’s Entrepreneurial Intention

盧品涵(Pin-Han Lu)

指導教授 ： 王淑美

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/生物產業傳播暨發展學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202104381

摘要

創業有助於解決經濟成長停滯、失業率過高以及大學畢業生就業機會貧脊等社會問題，因此大學創業教育在全球逐漸興盛。為瞭解學生的創業意圖，本研究以計畫行為理論為基礎，探討設計學院學生之科系認同感、創業態度、創業環境支持、創業自我效能、創業相關能力以及創業意圖，以及上述變項間的影響關係。
本研究以設計科系學生為研究對象，總計回收459份樣本，其中包含工商業設計系（n=75）、文化創業產業系（n=37）、產品設計系（n=95）、視覺傳達設計系（n=138）、數位媒體設計系（n=92）以及其他設計科系（n=22）。研究工具使用次級資料分析，問卷涵蓋科科系認同感、創業態度、創業環境支持、創業自我效能、創業管理能力、創業創新能力、創業財務能力、創業溝通能力以及創業意圖以及個人背景等量表。研究結果除呈現受訪者各量表得分外，另針對不同背景之學生進行科系認同感與創業意圖之差異分析。結果發現，研究所學生在創業態度、創業環境支持以及創業意圖等變項皆顯著大學部學生，不同科系學生之創業相關能力以及創業意圖存在顯著差異，此外，女性學生之創業態度、創業環境支持、創業自我效能、創業相關能力以及創業意圖皆顯著高於男性學生。
本研究奠基於計畫行為理論，檢驗科系認同感之調節作用。結果發現創業態度、創業環境支持以及創業自我效能對於創業意圖具有顯著的正向影響效果，結構方程模式的多群組比較分析結果發現科系認同感調節了創業意圖之計畫行為模式，科系認同感低的學生，創業創新能力是影響創業自我效能的主要變項；而科系認同感高的學生，創業財務能力是影響創業自我效能的主要變項。研究結果顯示科系認同感會影響學生的創業意圖模式，可供未來研究參考，或可作為設計學院與創業教育規劃發展以及教學輔導之建議。

關鍵字

科系認同感 ； 創業意圖 ； 計畫行為理論 ； 設計學教育

並列摘要

Entrepreneurship helps to solve social problems such as stagnant economic growth, excessive unemployment, and poor job opportunities for university graduates. Therefore, university entrepreneurship education is gradually prospering around the world. In order to understand students’ entrepreneurial intentions, this research is based on the theory of planned behavior, and explores the students’ sense of department identity, entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial environment support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial-related abilities and entrepreneurial intentions, as well as the above-mentioned variables. Affect the relationship.
This research takes design students as the research object and collects a total of 459 samples, including the Department of Industrial and Commercial Design (n=75), the Department of Cultural Entrepreneurship Industry (n=37), the Department of Product Design (n=95), and Visual Communication Design. Department (n=138), Digital Media Design Department (n=92), and other design departments (n=22). The research tool uses secondary data analysis. The questionnaire covers academic identity, entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial environment support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial management ability, entrepreneurial innovation ability, entrepreneurial financial ability, entrepreneurial communication ability, entrepreneurial intention and personal background. surface. In addition to presenting the scores of the interviewees on various scales, the research results also conducted an analysis of differences in departmental identity and entrepreneurial intentions for students of different backgrounds. The results found that the variables of the graduate students’ entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial environment support, and entrepreneurial intentions are significant among university students. There are significant differences in entrepreneurial-related abilities and entrepreneurial intentions of students from different disciplines. In addition, female students’ entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial environment Support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial-related abilities and entrepreneurial intentions are significantly higher than male students.
This research is based on the theory of planning behavior, examining the moderating role of departmental identity. The results found that entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial environment support, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy have significant positive effects on entrepreneurial intentions. The multi-group comparative analysis of the structural equation model found that departmental identity mediates the planning behavior pattern of entrepreneurial intentions. For students with a low sense of identity, entrepreneurial innovation ability is the main variable that affects entrepreneurial self-efficacy; for students with a high degree of academic identity, entrepreneurial financial ability is the main variable that affects entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The research results show that departmental identity will affect students' entrepreneurial intention model, which can be used as a reference for future research, or can be used as a suggestion for the planning and development of design schools and entrepreneurship education and teaching guidance.

並列關鍵字

department identity ； entrepreneurial intention ； planning behavior theory ； design education

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