多元文化下的移民母語之延續-由加拿大的傳統語言政策看台灣新移民問題

Maintenance of Immigrants’ Languages under Multiculturalism - A Case Study of the Heritage Language in Canada and Its Comparison with Taiwan

洪美芳(Mei-fang Hung)

指導教授 ： 洪鎌德

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.10536

摘要

語言不僅是溝通的工具，也是個人族群文化的象徵。在全球化下，國際間人口遷徙與移動頻繁，造成許多先進或新興國家境內湧入大量的移民人口，促使國內的族群組成多元化。不同的族群擁有不同的語言，但當這些族群同處在一個國家內，語言的爭議自然浮現。而多元文化政策取代以往的同化政策，成為處理族群關係的原則。在多元文化下，移民的語言權利也應該受到重視，並與其他族群一樣能延續其語言的使用。近年來，台灣的婚姻移民增加，促使台灣的族群組成更加複雜，但是這群婚姻移民及其子女的語言權利卻鮮少被討論。加拿大是世界上第一個實行多元文化政策的國家，因此，本文旨在以加拿大境內移民的傳統語言保存政策與實際作法作為本研究參考的對象，比較台灣與加拿大兩國的語言政策，試圖探討台灣對於移民母語延續的可能性探究。研究發現台灣現行的新移民語言教育以華語識字教育為主，但是因為經濟與家庭因素，無法很深入地學習，造成溝通的障礙，而母語方面，也因為弱勢地位而無法延續。語言除了是個人認同的根基外，基於語言多樣性、語言為資源及多語言學習的觀點，台灣應該更致力於多元文化思維的教育，尊重新移民的文化及語言，並可以援引加拿大對於傳統語言的一些作法當作參考，進行新移民的語言延續工作，進而能提升她們的自信及自覺，有助台灣更諧和社會的發展。

關鍵字

多元文化主義 ； 傳統語言 ； 婚姻移民 ； 語言延續 ； 語言權利

並列摘要

Language is not only a tool for communication, but also a symbol for individual ethnic culture. In the era of globalization, migration and movement of people is frequent; this phenomenon results in the influx of numerous immigrants, especially in developed or newly-developing countries. When people from different ethnic groups live in the same country, the dispute of language arouses. Multiculturalism has replaced assimilation and becomes the principle in dealing with ethnic relationship. Under the policy of multiculturalism, immigrants’ language rights should be respected and valued. There are more and more marriage immigrants in Taiwan, and they add to the complexity of ethnic composition. However, immigrants’ language rights are neglected. Canada is the first country to claim itself as a multicultural country. Thus, this research attempts to investigate the policy and practice of the maintenance of immigrants’ heritage language in Canada, and hope Canada’s experiences can give us some insight when we are dealing with relevant issues. It was found language policy for immigrants in Taiwan mainly focused on the acquisition of Chinese. However, the immigrants didn’t have much time for Chinese Learning, and they couldn’t maintain their mother tongue owing to their low status and disadvantaged economic conditions. To improve immigrants’ self dignity and awareness, their language rights should be protected. Language diversity, language as resource and the benefits of multilingualism should also be considered to enhance the revitalization of immigrants’ languages. Some strategies and practices Canada had implemented could serve as our reference. When all the citizens can respect and values others’ cultures and languages, a real multicultural society can be achieved.

並列關鍵字

Multiculturalism ； Heritage Language ； Marriage Immigrant ； Language Maintenance ； Language Rights

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