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  • 學位論文

在感知網路中水平式合作通訊或垂直式合作通訊之最佳化

Optimal Strategy on Horizontal or Vertical Cooperation in Cognitive Radio Networks

指導教授 : 廖婉君

摘要


由於頻寬的逐漸不足,感知無線網路(Cognitive Radio)成為近年來相當熱門的技術,在感知無線網路中有兩種使用者:第一種是有優先使用頻道權利的使用者(primary user),另外一種則是次要使用者(secondary user),次要使用者只有當優先使用者不用頻道時才可以使用頻道。此外,合作式通訊是另外一種可以增加網路負載量的技術,兩種技術的目的相同且互不衝突,因此我們可以一併作討論,合作式通訊應用在感知無線網路中可分為兩種:一種是優先使用者和次要使用者間的合作式通訊,優先使用者藉由次要使用者幫忙傳輸資料進而增加自己的產能,接著優先使用者會把自己一部分的頻寬作為獎勵分享給次要使用者傳輸他的資料以增加他的產能,我們也把這種合作式通訊稱為垂直式合作通訊(vertical cooperation),另外一種則是水平式合作通訊(horizontal cooperation),是指次要使用者間的合作通訊,次要使用者幫助其他有搶到頻寬的次要使用者作合作式傳輸以換取未來他人的回報幫忙,最近有很多著作都在討論垂直式合作通訊,因為水平式合作通訊和過去傳統的合作式通訊比較類似,唯一比較不同的地方只有在感知無線網路中,每個次要使用者因為位置的不同而偵測到可以使用的頻寬會不太一樣,然而我們觀察到對次要使用者而言,無論是垂直式合作通訊或是水平式合作通訊,它都可以從中獲得好處以增加他的產能,因此對次要使用者而言,就會有一個選擇的問題產生,因為在同一個時間點,由於能量的限制和設備的限制,次要使用者不可能同時作垂直式合作通訊和水平式合作通訊,因此我們認為,現有大部分討論垂直式合作通訊的著作,都以優先使用者對整個網路有完全控制權的假設是不合理的,我們這篇著作是第一篇分析比較垂直式合作通訊和水平式合作通訊,並且提出一個創新的架構讓次要使用者以最大自己利益的角度出發在垂直式合作通訊和水平式合作通訊做一個選擇,並且前提是這個架構也能增加優先使用者的流量。我們使用了付款為主的方法(payment-based method)去合併兩種本質不同的合作式通訊,並進而提出一個賽局來作分析討論,此外,為了增進優先使用者的流量我們再提出了策略表格(strategy map)和(optimal utility map)最佳利益表格以供優先使用者使用,最後我們用模擬測試證明了我們提出來的方法在增進流量的效果上比傳統單作垂直式合作通訊或水平式合作通訊的方法都來的好。

並列摘要


Cognitive radio networks is a promising technology in these days since the scarcity of spectrum becomes a serious problem. There are two kinds of users in the networks. One is primary user with high priority to access channel called PU, and the other one is secondary user with lower priority called SU. Moreover, cooperative communication is another method to improve network capacity. So it is reasonable to combine these two methods. And there are two kinds of cooperation in cognitive radio networks. The first one is the cooperation between PU and SU called vertical cooperation. PU can improve their throughput by SUs’ help and SUs can get reward timeslot to transmit their own data from PU. The other one is the cooperation between SU and SU called horizontal cooperation. SU help other SUs with channel to transmit their data and anticipate that other SUs will help it in the future. Recently, lots of works discuss vertical cooperation since the scenario of horizontal cooperation is more like traditional cooperation but the only difference is that SUs may detect different channel. However, we observe that SUs can improve their utility from both vertical cooperation and horizontal cooperation. So SUs will have a choice between these two kinds of cooperation since SUs cannot do both in the same time according to limited power and the architecture of devices. Thus, we believe that it’s impractical that PUs have overall control in the networks in lots of work about vertical cooperation. We are the first one to analyze these two kinds of cooperation and we provide a promising mechanism for SUs to make a choice between horizontal cooperation and vertical cooperation to maximize SU’s throughput on the condition that PU can also improve their throughput. We use the payment-based method to combine these two different kinds of cooperation and game model to analyze the situation. Finally, we propose a strategy map and an optimal utility map for PU to improve their throughput. We prove by simulation that our proposed method is better than traditional vertical cooperation only or horizontal cooperation only.

參考文獻


[1] Ian F. Akyildiz, W-Y Lee, M.C. Vuran, S. Moganty “NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey ” Computer Networks 50 (2006) 2127-2159
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[3] Qian Zhang, Juncheng Jia, and Jin Zhang “Cooperative Relay to Improve Diversity in Cognitive Radio Networks” IEEE Communications Magazine, 2009
[4] Yan Chen and K. J. Ray Liu, “Indirect Reciprocity Game Modeling for Cooperation Stimulation in Cognitive Networks” IEEE, Transactions on communications, 2011
[5] Di Lu and James Gross, “Robust Clustering of Ad-hoc Cognitive Radio Networks under Opportunistic Spectrum Access”, IEEE, ICC 2011 proceedings

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