不完全競爭總體模型:交易成本及其經濟政策分析

TRANSACTION COSTS AND ECONOMIC POLICIES UNDER AN IMPERFECTLY COMPETITIVE MACROECONOMIC MODEL

蔡秀玟(Shiou-Wen Tsai)

指導教授 ： 賴景昌

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/經濟學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.01989

摘要

本文模型的主要架構是奠基於Dixon (1987)不完全競爭的總體模型，進一步改變引進貨幣的方式，分析導入現金交易成本方法取代基本的貨幣進入效用函數方法，在Molana and Moutos (1991)的三種稅收型態之下，探討經濟政策的有效性。另外，異於Dixon(1987)探討獨占力指數與經濟政策有效性的關係，本文主要是著重探討交易成本指數化程度與經濟政策有效性的關係。

首先，第三章引進現金交易成本後，當政府課徵名目定額稅，則總體經濟政策的有效性取決於交易成本的存在，因此當交易成本隨著物價呈現完全指數化調整時，則呈現出的比較靜態結果與Molana and Moutos (1991)結論一致；但是，當交易成本隨著物價呈現部份指數化調整時，則呈現出的比較靜態結與Molana and Moutos (1991)結論不一致。

第四章則探討當政府對所有所得(包含勞動所得及利潤所得)課徵比例稅以及政府只對勞動所得課徵比例稅時，導入現金交易成本之後，則總體經濟政策的有效性仍取決於交易成本的存在，結果同第三章。

關鍵字

不完全競爭 ； 交易成本

並列摘要

This paper is based on the framework of Dixon (1987)’s imperfectly competitive macroeconomic model, where we introduce money in chapter 3 and chapter 4 by considering the pecuniary transaction costs approach in substitution for money-in-the- utility-function approach, we examine the economic policies by levying three different types of taxation following Molana and Moutos (1991). Besides, different to the analysis of Dixon (1987), Dixon compare the degree of monopoly in affecting economic policies, we compare the degree of transaction cost indexation in affecting economic policies for the most part.

In consideration of the pecuniary transaction cost approach in chapter 3, the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies crucially depends on the presence of the transaction cost when lump-sum taxes are levied. When the transaction cost is fully indexed to the price level, the comparative static results of economic policies are consistent with those of Molana and Moutos (1991). But when the transaction cost is partially indexed to the price level, the results are not consistent.

In consideration of the pecuniary transaction cost approach in chapter 4, the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies crucially depends on the presence of the transaction cost when wage and profit income taxes are levied and when wage income taxes are levied alone. The results are the same with chapter 3.

並列關鍵字

imperfect competition ； transaction costs

參考文獻

Blanchard,O.J., Kiyotaki, N. (1987), ``Monopolistic competition and the effects of aggregate demand," American Economic Review,77,647-666

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Dixon, H. (1991), Imperfect competition, unemployment benefit and the non-neutrality of money: an example," Oxford Economic Papers, 42, 402-413

Dixon, H., Rankin, N.(1994), ``Imperfect competition and macroeconomics: A survey." Oxford Economic Papers,46,171-199

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