成人依戀型態的內隱測量

The Implicit Test of the Adult Attachment Styles

陳曉維(Hsiao-Wei Chen)

指導教授 ： 林以正

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.02101

摘要

本研究嘗試發展「IAT成人依戀型態測量」測量個體在親密關係中的依戀型態。透過「焦慮IAT」及「逃避IAT」分別觀察受試者對於「親密關係」此目標概念與「焦慮」及「逃避」這兩個依戀之核心概念間的聯結情形，以此瞭解個體對於親密伴侶的依戀態度，並作為個體成人依戀型態的分類依據。研究程序主要分為預備性研究與正式研究。預備性研究又包含兩個部分，一為以標準化的程序篩選「IAT成人依戀型態」測量中所需之焦慮感受、安適感受、疏遠感受與親近感受四種屬性概念的刺激材料；另外，透過因素分析檢測本研究所採用的外顯測量 -「成人愛情依戀型態」量表的建構效度，分析結果可得焦慮和逃避兩個獨立因素。在正式研究中，除了探討成人依戀型態的內隱測量與外顯測量間的關係之外，還採用了關係滿意度、寂寞感、情緒表達以及情緒表達衝突四個自陳指標作為IAT成人依戀型態測量的效度指標，藉此探討成人依戀型態之內隱測量對於上述的關係指標之預測力。研究結果發現，「IAT成人依戀型態測量」之得分和外顯的成人依戀型態量表以及其他自陳式關係指標間並沒有任何關聯，但是在個體錯誤反應個數上，卻與上述自陳量表間形成某些顯著相關。研究者將在最後對此研究結果進行解釋與討論，並提出未來可能的研究方向。

關鍵字

成人依戀型態 ； 內隱聯結測驗 ； 親密關係

並列摘要

This study attempted to develop an “Adult Attachment Style Implicit Association Test” to measure individual attachment style in intimacy relationships at the implicit level. Participants completed two IAT tasks naming the “Anxiety IAT” and the “Avoidance IAT.” These IAT tasks intended to measure the associations among participants’ categorization of intimate v.s. nonintimate relationships and two core concepts of attachment theory, i.e., anxiety and avoidance. The IAT scores could then be compared against the explicit attachment measures in predicting personal and relationship adjustments. A pilot study was first conducted to establish necessary material for the IAT tasks. The pilot study included two parts. The first part was to screen out four clusters of adjectives representing “anxiety,” “easiness,” “alienation,” and “affiliation” respectively. The other part was a factor analysis to investigating the construct validity of the explicit attachment measurement. Consequently, two independent attachment dimensions, anxiety and avoidance, were obtained. In the formal study, the relationship between implicit and explicit measurements of adult attachment style was first examined. Moreover, four criterion measures including “relationship satisfaction,” “loneliness,” “emotion expression” and “ambivalence over emotion expression,” were applied to investigate the validities of IATs as well as the explicit attachment measures. Results showed no reliable relationship among the two IATs and the explicit measurements of adult attachment style, nor the validity criteria. Nonetheless, the error rate in the IAT tasks showed reliable pattrn in predicting the criterion variables. The results suggested that the emotional complex such as the attachment styles could be approached by the IAT paradigm. Moreover, the IAT did show its potentials in predicting important criterion variables. Further refinements of the experiment material, measurement procedure, and the choices of appropriate criterion were discussed.

並列關鍵字

Adult attachment style ； intimacy relationship ； Implicit Association Test

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