台灣獼猴(Macaca cyclopis)頰囊傳播對福山試驗林三種樟科植物種子分布模式與命運的影響

Effects of Dispersal via Cheek Pouches of Formosan Macaques (Macaca cyclopis) on Seed Shadow and Seed Fate of Three Lauraceae Species at Fushan Experimental Forest

黃靖倫(Ching-Lun Huang)

指導教授 ： 李玲玲

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/生態學與演化生物學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.02686

摘要

本研究的目的是瞭解福山試驗林中台灣獼猴以頰囊傳播三種樟科植物，長葉木薑子、霧社楨楠及香楠等之種子，對於種子分布模式與種子命運的影響。追蹤獼猴覓食與吐種子的行為結果，顯示台灣獼猴的確能以頰囊將種子帶離母樹而傳播出去，但當結實母樹空間分布不同時，種子傳播距離的長度也有很大的差異。結實母樹間距較長(如長葉木薑子)時，獼猴移動較遠距離後才完全吐出種子，最長距離可超過400公尺；結實母樹間距較短(如霧社楨楠)時，獼猴離開母樹後移動較短距離即會吐出種子。90%的獼猴會在覓食後第一個停留超過10分鐘的休息地點吐出最多的種子，而使種子聚集掉落。以操弄實驗比較森林與開闊地、是否在母樹下的種子被掠食狀況，發現無論種子是否在母樹下，所遭遇掠食者的比例無明顯差異，但非母樹下的種子實際被掠食數量比例高於母樹下者。種子萌芽與幼苗存活實驗發現，種子是否在母樹下並未對種子萌芽或生長產生顯著影響。但森林中的種子萌芽比例較開闊地高，而後續小苗存活率反而較低；反之，在開闊地的種子開始時較難萌芽，但後續小苗生長狀況較好，小苗存活率降低的情形較不明顯。

關鍵字

台灣獼猴 ； 種子傳播 ； 種子分布 ； 種子命運 ； 福山試驗林

並列摘要

The goals of this research was to study the seed dispersal patterns and seed fates of three Lauraceae trees affected by cheek pouch of Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) at Fushan experimental forest. Results indicated that macaques carried most seeds of the fruits they consumed away from feeding trees with cheek pouched. 90% of those seeds were deposited in clumps at macaques’ first resting site where they stayed for more than 10 minutes after leaving feeding trees. The longest distance that macaques could carry seeds away from feeding trees was up to 400 meters. And distance of seed dispersed by macaques away from feeding trees through check pouches were correlated with the spatial distribution of fruiting trees. Macaques carried seeds farther as the distances between fruiting trees increase. Seeds of trees with clumped distribution were usually deposited near these trees. Seed predation rates were compared between seeds placed in forest versus grasslands and under versus away from fruiting trees. Results showed no significant difference in seed predation rates of two Lauraceae species under versus away from fruiting trees. Germination rates of seeds and seedling survival rates were monitored in forest versus grassland, under versus away from fruiting trees, and with different densities of seeds and seedlings. Results showed that more seeds germinated in forests than in grassland in the first month. However seedling survival rates were lower in forest versus grassland. No significant difference in seedling survival could be found between any treatment groups after 6 months.

並列關鍵字

Formosan macaques ； Macaca cyclopis ； seed dispersal ； seed shadow ； seed fate ； Fushan

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