政府在科技發展中的角色：科技政策組織體系型態之探討

Government's Role in the S&T Development:On Policy System of the Science and Technology

黃種斌(Chung-Pin Huang)

指導教授 ： 張文貞

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.02823

摘要

在我國的國科會組織再造中，產生了兩方面的爭論，一方面，行政院認為國科會應予以裁撤，其功能將分散由不同的組織所掌管，另外一方面，產業界及學術界卻認為，為了集中科技發展的方向，因此應該成立一個專責科技發展的科技部，將所有的科技事務集中在一個部會來掌管。本文認為，此問題應該從我國的科技政策組織體系應該具備什麼樣的功能此一角度來討論，也就是從政府在科技發展中應該扮演什麼樣的角色，進一步的去探討我國的科技政策組織體系應該採取什麼樣的型態，最後再按照國科會在整體的體系中應當如何定位，來決定國科會的走向。
為了要討論政府在科技發展中的角色應當為何，本文觀察政府介入科技發展的各種政策目的，同時從新興科技以及風險社會的角度，試圖討論在全球化科技風險中政府的新角色與功能。此外，本文亦從上述政府角色的角度，針對科技政策組織體系的三大面向：科技行政體系、政策諮詢單位以及科技研發系統，分別提出其在組織型態上的重要原則。其次，本文將觀察目前我國科技政策組織體系的現狀，並且檢討分析現狀的缺點。針對這些現況運作上的缺點，本文除了要提出我國政府在科技發展中所應加強扮演的角色外，並且要利用前述組織型態上的重要原則以及現況檢討的結果，為我國的科技政策組織體系提出重建的方向。最後，為了要回應我國的政府再造，在文末也將提出關於國科會組織再造的一些可考慮的新方向。

關鍵字

科技政策 ； 科技政策組織體系 ； 科技行政體系

並列摘要

There were two contrary thinking in the recent organizational reengineering of the National Science Council of Republic of China (NSC). One the one hand, the Executive Yuan planned to separate the functions of the NSC into different sections. On the other, the industrial and academic communities asserted that the NSC should integrate the functions of other governmental departments and become the one and only department in charge of the science and technology (S&T) affairs.
In this research, the direction of the organizational reengineering of the NSC would be discussed in a larger context. What is the role of the government in the S&T development? How the role of government should determine the shape of the policy system of the science and technology? And where is the position of the NSC in this policy system?
There are two approaches to the government’s role in the S&T development in this research. First of all, this research would observe the four reasons that the government step into the development of S&T. Secondly, we would redefine the government’s role in the light of emerging high technologies and the risk society theory. After redefining the government’s role in the S&T development, the policy system of the science and technology would be studied in three sections: the system of S&T policy institutions, the policy advisory units, and the S&T research system. Furthermore, some critical principles in the reformation of each section would be explored in relation of the government’s role in the S&T development.
The reality of the policy system of the science and technology in Taiwan would be studied and analyzed in this paper in order to get the better understanding of the problems of the existing system. Some directions for the reengineering of the existing system would be derived from the analysis of the existing problems and the critical principles above. Finally, in response to the organizational reengineering of NSC, there would be a discussion for this issue in the context of the policy system of the science and technology in Taiwan in the end of this research.

並列關鍵字

S&T policy ； policy system of the science and technology ； the system of S&T policy institutions

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