無線感測式網路的可靠且延遲敏感性群撥式查詢協定

無線感測器是一種體積微小、造價低廉並且擁有無線傳輸和運算以及精確感測光度、溫度和濕度功能的硬體平台。近年來隨著無線感測器技術的進步，無線感測試網路提供許多廣域的應用，像是農業、工業和環境的監控。由於無線感測式網路是應用取向的設計，因此其網路傳輸協定設計隨著不同的應用程式而有所不同。在這篇論文，我們提出一個可靠、延遲敏感性而且省電的群撥式查詢和回報傳輸協定。此傳輸協定特別適合於需要可靠、及時並且周期性查詢多個目標且回報感測到資料的應用程式。此傳輸協定主要包含兩個組成:有效率的群撥性詢問和節省電力的回報機制。為了確保傳輸的可靠性和系統的效率，我們修改點對點回應(hop-by-hop ACK)機制成為中繼回應(R-ACK)機制並且將其導入我們提出的傳輸協定。此傳輸協定的主要概念在於每個節點利用傳輸表(Transmission Status Table)紀錄其子結點(child nodes)傳輸詢問封包的傳輸狀態。利用傳輸表的設計和適當的重傳計時器設定，我們將可以有效的減少傳輸次數進而延長節點的壽命。為了達到及時(real-time)延遲的限制，可調節式的重傳計時器此傳輸協定的一個重要構成要素。此外，為了充分利用無線網路廣播的特性以及節省節點電力，我們進一步將混雜模式(promiscuous mode)和省電模式(power saving mode)導入我們所提出的傳輸協定內。最後，我們利用10~20個節點的無線感測網路來測試此傳輸協定的效能，而實驗結果顯示我們所提出的傳輸協定大量的增進系統的可靠度並且擁有高度的擴展性。

關鍵字

無線感測式網路；可靠式查詢；群撥式查詢； 802.15.4

並列摘要

Sensors are small, low-cost, wireless computing devices that sense information such as light and humidity at extremely high resolutions. Sensor technology has enabled a broad range of ubiquitous computing applications, such as agricultural, industrial, and environmental monitoring. Because sensor network is application-driven, its network protocol stack designs are different form applications to applications. In this paper, we present a reliable, energy-saving and delay-sensitive multicast query and reporting pro-tocol in this proposal. This protocol is especially suitable for applications that periodi-cally query multiple destinations, and collect sensed data from queried sensor nodes in a timely, reliable and energy-efficient way. This protocol contains two major component, efficient multicast query and energy-saving response. For ensuring both transmission reliability and system efficiency, we introduce R-ACK mechanism modified from hop-by-hop ACK into our proposed protocol. The main idea of this protocol design is that each nodes uses Transmission Status Table to record the transmission states of its child-ren nodes toward multicast query destinations. With Transmission Status Table design along with proper retransmission timer design, we can efficiently reduce transmission times to prolong nodes’ life. To achieve real-time delay guarantee, the adjustable re-transmission timer is one essential component in this protocol. For taking advantage of the nature of wireless transmission and conserving energy, promiscuous mode and PS (power saving) mode are introduced into our protocol. We evaluate our design on a 10~20-node sensor network. The results show that our proposed protocol largely in-creases reliability and performs high scalability.

並列關鍵字

wireless sensor network ； reliable query ； multicast query ； 802.15.4

參考文獻

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國際替代計量

無線感測式網路的可靠且延遲敏感性群撥式查詢協定

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