華人大腦標準圖譜之建構：型態比較與功能性磁振造影之應用

人類大腦功能長久以來仍有很多未解的謎團，不只在解剖構造上的多樣性，神經功能上也會因性別、年齡、種族等而有不同,在神經認知科學研究上，許多資料分析上需要標準的大腦圖譜為基準，為了建立構造與功能的關連性，西方學者Talairach就訂立一套三度空間座標系統，搭配上死後解剖的腦切片互相對照，建立廣為人使用的圖譜: 爾後為了有群體代表性，蒙特羅神經協會(Montreal Neurological Institute)利用磁振造影的技術，收集逾三百人的大腦影像，藉由重新定位，線性變型等影像處理步驟，將此三百餘人的大腦影像平均而得以群體為基礎之大腦圖譜，此方法也為後來眾人製作圖譜的準則。因為在環境及基因因素的不同，東西方人種在大腦結構及功能是否有差異，遂引起我們的興趣。這樣的差異可能會導致在許多神經認知科學實驗上，資料分析的偏差及錯誤解讀。本論文收集了95個台灣地區華人大腦磁振造影影像，依循MNI圖譜製作的流程，得到華人標準大腦圖譜(NTU CBT)，這是目前已知最多華人受試者的大腦圖譜，我們並比較分析MNI及NTU CBT型態上的差異,觀察到華人的大腦形狀為較西方人扁圓，粗估大腦容量大小則相差近25%，尤其上腦徑，後腦徑為主要差異。而在華人男女受試者內部分析上，大腦容量皆男大於女，尤以寬度最為顯著。此外我們也用此圖譜，應用在功能性磁振影上的資料分析。我們發現在以華人為受試者為主的運動及視覺功能性磁振造影實驗上，在華人圖譜上有較精準符合解剖構造的反應區域，以及較密集的反應點分布。本論文證明華人圖譜不但在型態上有別於MNI圖譜，在華人的神經認知功能性影像實驗分析上，可以達到較精準的判讀結果，未來將朝向更高解析度及完整的功能區標定努力，希望在大腦功能定位、神經科學研究及臨床醫學應用上有所助益

關鍵字

華人大腦圖譜； MNI圖譜；圖譜；型態測量分析；功能性磁振造影

並列摘要

Human brain function has been regarded as a mystery for a long time, which is not only due to the diversity of brain structures but also due to the variability of neurocognitive functions among gender, age and ethics. To minimize inter-subject discrepancies, most data analyses were developed based on the standard brain template in the field of neuroimaging research.To figure out the relationship between brain function and structure Talairach set a three-dimensional coordinate system , cooperating with the postmortem brain autopsy , and thus a standard brain atlas, the Talairach atlas, was created. Thereafter, Montreal Neurologic Institute (MNI) collected brain images from more than three hundred subjects’ brain MRI image. MNI adopted image processing methods such as realignment and transformation to create a population-based standard brain template by averaging three hundreds brain dataset.MNI template is worldwide adopted nowadays However the difference of brain structures between western and eastern people was observed because of the diversity of environmental and genetic factors. The mismatch issue may lead to bias or inappropriate interpretation in neurocognitive studies. In this thesis, we recruited ninety-five subjects and developed the Chinese brain template (NTU CBT) based on the process of MNI template. As yet, this is the first Chinese brain template that recruited a large population. We observed that the brain shape of NTU CBT is flatter and more circular than that of MNI template by morphometric analysis. The brain size in MNI template is larger than that of NTU CBT by more than 25%. The most significant differences come from height of superior brain and length of posterior brain. In Chinese subgroup analysis, the brain size in men is bigger than in women, especially in brain width. In addition, we found more precise localization more of activation voxels in motor and visual fMRI experiments while incorporating the NTU CBT into data analyses. The thesis showed not only morphologic diversity between MNI and Chinese templates but also showed that there would be more accurate interpretation in neurocognitive functional studies using the developed NTU CBT. In the future, we will work on higher resolution template and complete functional cortical labeling, which may benefit in neuroscience study, human brain mapping and clinical applications.

並列關鍵字

Chinese Brain Template ； MNI template ； atlas ； Morphometric analysis ； Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

參考文獻

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華人大腦標準圖譜之建構：型態比較與功能性磁振造影之應用

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