校舍結構耐震能力詳細評估之研究

Study on Seismic Evaluation of School Buildings Based on Push Over Analysis

洪瑋聰(Wei-Tsung Hung)

指導教授 ： 黃世建

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.03030

摘要

民國八十八年九月二十一日凌晨一點四十七分，於南投縣發生了芮氏規模七點三的集集大地震，它震撼了台灣的土地山河，也震撼了台灣人民以及所有土木工程師。集集大地震中中小學校舍所遭受的災損格外嚴重，損壞者共656所，其中43所國中小學校舍全毀，約佔全國中小學總數的五分之一。所幸集集大地震發生於凌晨，校舍空無一人，否則若在白天的上課時間發生震災，房舍倒塌所引致之傷亡勢必不堪設想。地震可說是台灣之宿命，改善既有校舍耐震能力評估以及補強的工作實為刻不容緩之要務。
為了校舍結構耐震之問題，國家地震工程研究中心建議了一套耐震能力評估程序作為評估校舍耐震能力以及進行補強之基準。該程序分為簡易調查、初步評估以及詳細評估三個主要步驟。其中，最後階段的詳細評估，係使用非線性側推分析做為評估之主要工具。一套成熟的耐震能力診斷方法，若不佐以實際案例的比對檢核，其準確性必然無法說服工程師及大眾，也無法讓人對補強的成效有信心。
為了使詳細評估法更趨成熟且具可信度，本研究收集了國家地震工程研究中心針對既有校舍所進行的實尺寸試體現地實驗結果以及南投縣集集地震災損資料庫，使用簡化側推分析法進行分析。並採用ATC-40建議之方式，將側力位移曲線轉換為性能曲線；並依不同性能要求，計算該校舍所能承受之最大地表加速度，進一步與真實量測得到的地表加速度做比較。另外本研究也參考了日本建築防災協會所提出之震後耐震診斷法，計算在真實地表加速度作用下校舍之震害等級，與樣本的實際震害做比較。以整體及個別桿件損害等級兩種不同的角度驗證側推分析之可用性，以期能對校舍耐震詳細評估法提出修正建議及參考，並對耐震防災做出具體的貢獻。

關鍵字

校舍 ； 詳細評估法 ； 非線性側推分析 ； 現地實驗、災損資料庫

並列摘要

Chi- Chi Earthquake was one of the greatest earthquake ever occurred in Taiwan. It happened in the early morning of September 21, 1999 at 1:47 a.m. with Richter scale of 7.4. Thousands of death and almost ten thousand houses damaged were recorded . Among all, 656 school buildings in Nan-Tou were either collapsed or severely damaged during the earthquake. Fortunately, no student death casualties occurred within school building. It’s ironical and immoral that students are requested by laws to receive education in the seismically-insufficient school buildings. Therefore, seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing school buildings are needed to provide a safe enviroment for students.
National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) has developed a handbook to demonstrate the relevant technology for detailed evaluation and retrofit design of school buildings. It includes Simple Survey, Preliminary Evaluation, and Detailed Evaluation. The detailed evaluation is to use nonlinear push over analysis to evaluate the seismic ability of school buildings. However, this method has not been fully verified using the existing data bank.
This thesis uses simplified push analysis and capacity spectrum method (ATC-40) to obtain the peak ground acceleration (PGA). Analytical results are then verified with the data bank of In-situ tests conducted by NCREE and the data bank of Nan-Tou county. Furthermore, this research also adopts the Post Earthquake Evaluation Standards proposed by Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC) to classify the damage level of each building. Based on the obtained global PGA and damage level, which is determined from each vertical member, this thesis proposes some recommendations for further development of detailed evaluation proposed by NCREE.

並列關鍵字

School Buildings ； Detailed Evaluation ； Nonlinear Push Over Analysis ； In-situ Test ； Damaged Building Databank

參考文獻

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[9]ATC, “Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings,” ATC-40 Report, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, California, SSC 96-01, Nov., 1996.

[15]ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-02) and Commentary (ACI 318R-02),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, 443 pp., 2002