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  • 學位論文

適用於超音波頻段切換式功率放大器設計與比較

Design and Comparison of the Switching Mode Power Amlifiers for Ultrasonic Frequencies

指導教授 : 陳昭宏
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摘要


本論文詳細地分析與比較不同的功率放大器(Power Amplifiers, PAs)操作於超音波頻段。由於切換式功率放大器(Switching Mode PAs)的效率較高,因此,本論文主要探討切換式功率放大器,其電晶體用來當開關切換使用,主要避免電壓和電流同時存在開關上,減少不必要的功率損耗,理想上,效率可以達到100%。實際上,其效率無法達到100%,主要原因為主動元件與被動元件的非理想效應,電晶體為非理想開關元件,因而造成功率消耗在開關上,功率損耗的主要原因為電感的直流電阻(DC Resistance, DCR)和自振頻率(Self Resonant Frequency, SRF)。 本論文主要分析切換式功率放大器操作在超音波頻段的汲極效率(Drain Efficiency)、輸出功率、電路板面積與成本的優劣比較。本研究在電路需供應5V~10V電壓的條件下,以不同的切換式功率放大器進行設計與比較。時域的訊號透過快速傅立葉轉換(Fast Fourier Transform, FFT)去計算直流功率和主頻下的輸出功率,最後,計算汲極效率並分析功率損耗的來源。在主頻為1MHz 下,Class-D的汲極效率是最高的,雖然Class-D的汲極效率最佳,但是輸出功率卻是最低的,Class-F-1和Class-F的輸出功率相較於其它類型的PAs 是較大的,Class-E的整體性能具有最佳的效率和輸出功率。

並列摘要


This thesis presents detailed analysis and comparison of different power amplifiers(PAs) for ultrasound frequencies.This thesis focus mainly on switching mode PAs because of their high efficiencies. The transistor is mainly used as a switch to avoid concurrent voltage and current on the switch, which reduces power dissipation. Theoretically the efficiency can approach 100%. Realisitcally, the efficiency can not reach 100%. The main reasons are non-ideal effects in the active and passive components. The transistor is a non-ideal switch, and thus power will be dissipated by the switch. The main cause of power consumption is series resistance and self-resonant frequency of the inductors. This thesis analyzes the drain efficiency of the switching mode PAs for ultrasound frequencies and compares the output power, cost and area used by the PAs. This research designed and compared different switching mode PAs. The power supply of these circuits are 5V to 10V. Fast fourier transform of time-domain captured signals were used to calculate the dc power and output power at the fundamental frequency. Finally, the drain efficiency can be calculated and the source of power consumption can be analyzed. The fundamental frequency of these circuits are 1MHz. The drain efficiency of Class-D PAs are the highest. Though Class-D PAs have the best drain efficiency, its output power is the lowest. Class-F-1 and Class-F PAs have larger output power than other types of PAs. Class-E PAs have the best overall performance considering between the drain efficiency and output power.

參考文獻


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