台灣開放純網銀對金融服務的影響分析

台灣首家純網路銀行即將在2020年第三季問市，是否真如主管機關的期待為台灣的金融市場帶來所謂的『鯰魚效應』，迎來一波金融革命？其對目前傳統商業銀行又會帶來甚麼衝擊？亦備受各界期待，也是各家金融業者應持續觀察的議題。台灣目前金融市場處於一個銀行服務密度(Over Banking)相當高的狀況，純網路銀行是否有其存在的利基？另外，純網路銀行極需要仰賴系統科技的多方資源投入，在獲利存在不確定性，但資源投入先行的情境之下，未來是否能商轉帶來獲利，恐怕需要時間的驗證與觀察。本研究藉由參考市場相關研究機構對於本議題的趨勢探討，以及蒐集國際上純網路銀行成功經營個案資料，分析歸納各國個案公司股東背景、主要業務、經營特色以及競爭優勢等構面；並加以比較各國具代表性的純網路銀行經營模式之差異，以及差異原因之探討，再依台灣的國情特性，提出較適合台灣發展純網路銀行參考的建議作法。最後歸納本研究的結論與啟發，並提出對政府政策及發展數位相關法規開放的建議，期待台灣金融業在數位浪潮下，能順應趨勢、提前因應、尋找利基、再創佳績。

關鍵字

純網銀；開放銀行；金融科技；生態圈；數位轉型；普惠金融

並列摘要

The first Internet-only bank will be launched in the 3rd quarter 2020 in Taiwan. Will it bring the so-called “catfish effect” to a new wave of financial revolution in Taiwan market as expected by the regulator? What impacts will it have on traditional commercial banks? The debut of Internet-only bank is highly anticipated by all walks of life, which will also continue to draw attention of financial institutions. It is a state of over banking in Taiwan. Does Internet-only bank have a niche in this market? In addition, Internet-only bank is extremely relying on various information technology resources and investments. We expect it is not easy to get profit in the early stage. Under this situation it will take time to prove and observe. This study provides recommendations that are considered more suitable for the development of Internet-only bank in Taiwan. Those recommendations are supported by various resources, including analysis on the background of shareholders, main business, operating characteristics, and competitive advantages of successful cases in various countries. Comparisons are also made in this study to highlight the differences in business models of Internet-only banks from various countries. This study finally concludes with recommendations for the government to lift restrictions on policies and regulations pertaining to digital technologies. It is expected that under the digital wave, the financial industry in Taiwan will be able to follow the digital trends, respond in advance, find their own niche, and maximize profits.