原民臺記者如何報導阿美族豐年祭？記者的文化價值與新聞實踐

阿美族豐年祭為阿美族人重要的祭典儀式，在原民臺的報導中，常以基於文化、本於部落的報導方式作為其所秉持的原則。原民臺肩負原住民族文化復振、促進原住民族參與公共討論，以及彰顯原住民族主體性的使命，反映過去原住民新聞學相關研究所強調的報導原則，原民臺基於文化適切性進行族群新聞報導並提供反論述，實現設臺的核心宗旨，然而其面對部落爭議事件時，在報導實踐上未能適時扮演「看門狗」一角，揭露部落內部問題並引導部落內部自省，仍以翻轉主流媒體論述為主要報導原則。本研究採取「文化價值系統」，分析後發現原民臺記者訴諸「集體主義」文化價值，尊重部落文化、遵守祭典禁忌。「性別」、「族群」、「族語」成為劃分記者與消息來源間「權力距離」的主要因素，為破除彼此間距離，記者們各展身手。而在報導爭議事件時，原民臺記者與新聞室站在同一陣線，本於部落，進一步彰顯出「高度規避不確定性」文化價值，不以追求即時的利益為目標，反之，考慮長遠影響，反映出「長期導向」文化價值。另，原民臺記者在彰顯「陽剛」文化價值的背後，亦帶出報導中女性形象逸失的現象，「沒有場外的女性勞動，何來男性的祭典實踐？」便成為研究者的反思，希冀在平衡報導的同時，也完整呈現祭典中男、女性別分工的智慧。

關鍵字

阿美族；豐年祭；文化價值；原住民族；原住民新聞學；新聞再現；原住民新聞

並列摘要

The Amis harvest festival is the most significant ceremony and ritual to Amis people, and among the news reports of Taiwan Indigenous Television (hereinafter referred to as “TITV”), many were reported based on cultural viewpoint and community-centered principles. TITV carries the mission of revitalizing indigenous cultures, enhancing public discussion between indigenous peoples and demonstrating the subjectivity of indigenous peoples. Reflecting upon those newswriting principles learned from related researches of indigenous journalism, TITV have fulfilled its purpose by producing culturally appropriate reports and providing counter narratives; however, when encountering controversial incidents within the community, their reports seemingly failed to play the role of “watch dogs” by adopting the principle of reversing mainstream news discourse whereas the reports should lead the community members to internal discussion by revealing inner conflicts of the community. The thesis adopts the cultural value system and the analysis results found that journalists of TITV appeals to the cultural value of “collectivism”, and respects both the community traditions and the taboos of its rituals and ceremonies. “Genders”, “ethnic groups” and “mother tongues” are the major factors to distinguish the “power distance” between journalists and news sources – the distance which journalists seek to diminish by showing their capabilities. Moreover, when covering disputed incidents, the TITV journalists choose the same side as the news room, with the community perspective and to further highlight on the cultural value of “high uncertainty avoidance” instead of pursuing on the instant benefits; in other words, to show the cultural value of “long-term orientation” after thorough consideration in the long run. In addition, while journalists of TITV emphasize on the cultural value of “masculinity“, the news reports also bring forth the phenomenon of losing female presence, to which the author ponders – can men conduct their cultural practices without the off-site labor force from women? After all, with the expectation of objective reports, the author hopes to balancedly present the wisdom from both male and female during ceremonies and rituals.