以層級分析法探討我國化學物質管理制度

Investigation of the Management System for Chemicals in Taiwan by Analytic Hierarchy Process

王郁雲(Yu-Yun Wang)

指導教授 ： 駱尚廉

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201704518

摘要

科技日新月異，各類產業對化學物質需求日益增加，使目前國際上運作的化學物質數量越來越多，亦因此衍生出許多如食安、化學物質洩漏及污染排放等因化學物質運作所產生之問題。同樣的，我國目前亦飽受化學物質氾濫帶來之困擾，為了改善此一現象，建制適於國內之化學物質管理制度，顯得格外重要。
而國內目前之學術研究少有探討化學物質管理制度面之議題，因此本研究欲以層級分析法針對我國化學物質管理之重要影響層面進行探討，提供未來我國於化學物質管理時的參考依據。本研究先藉由層級分析法找出影響我國化學物質管理各項要素之影響權重，再分析國內環保署、經濟部、衛福部、農委會及財政部等五個與食安相關之政府部會，於我國化學物質管理時之重要性，並將分析結果和國內化學物質管理之現況進行比對，以找出各部會於管理時尚需改善與調整之因素；之後再將層級分析專家問卷進行分類，透過有效問卷、原始問卷與無效問卷等三類問卷之層級分析，討論三者分析數據間之差異，探討層級分析法應用時可能產生的問題；另一方面，本研究亦將各部會目前化學物質管理之業務職掌與化學物質管理政策綱領之內容進行比對，嘗試找出各部會目前於管理上尚嫌不足之部分，並探討各部會間的關聯性。本研究以專家問卷發放之方式進行，再搭配Power Choice 及Excel 等軟體進行分析。
根據層級分析結果可知影響我國化學物質管理之最主要因素為法規制度，佔整體權重之30.3%；前五大影響管理之細部要素分別為執法確實程度、管理資金來源之健全、法規適用程度、管理政策與制度之建立、風險及危害評估等。進一步將各部會納入探討，得到各部會於化學物質管理時之重要性依序為環保署、衛福部、農委會、經濟部、財政部；在層級分析問題探討方面，可發現研究者與填答者之主觀判斷，對研究之層級架構影響甚微，故本研究建構之完善我國化學物質管理制度層級架構具良好參考性，可作為未來各部會於化學物質管理執行量能考核時之分析工具；另一方面，經過盤點與比對，可發現我國與食安相關之五部會間，在化學物質管理時具有關聯性，因此跨部會整合及合作是未來我國化學物質管理之重要推展方向。
藉由研究結果，可知國內於化學物質管理時確有不足之處，未來則可針對本研究分析出保有進步空間之政策與制度加以強化，提升整體化學物質管理成效。

關鍵字

化學物質管理 ； 層級分析法 ； 食安 ； 執行量能考核 ； 跨部會整合

並列摘要

Technology is developing with each passing day; the demand for chemicals in various industries is increasing day by day. Due to this reason, the number of chemicals that operation in the world is enormous. At the same time, a number of issues such as food safety, chemical leakage, and pollution emissions continue to arise. Taiwan is also suffering from the awash of chemicals. In order to ameliorate the situation, it is important to establish a management system for chemicals in Taiwan.
At present, there are few academic studies in Taiwan that investigate the issue of management for chemicals. Therefore, this study aims to explore the important impact of management for chemicals in Taiwan by Analytic Hierarchy Process. Also discuss the importance of the EPA, MOEA, MOHW, COA and MOF, which are related to food safety in management for chemicals. The analysis results were compared with the current status of Taiwan, so as to identify the factors that need to be improved and adjusted by each ministry. At the same time, the expert questionnaires were divided into three categories: valid questionnaire, original questionnaire and invalid questionnaire. Discuss the difference between the three kinds of analysis data to explore the problems that may arise when using AHP. On the other hand, this study also compared the occupational activity of chemicals in various ministries with the program of management policies for chemicals, finding out the insufficient part in management for chemicals. Also, explore the interdependencies among each ministry.
The analysis process will be completed by expert questionnaire, and the information obtained from experts will be analyzing and integrating through two kinds of software: Power choice and Excel.
According to the results, the most important factor affecting management for chemicals is regulatory system. And the top five sub-factors in order of law enforcement, complete financial resources, establish liability and compensation system,policies and systems, and risk and hazard assessment. Further discussion, the importance of ministries in the management for chemicals is EPA, MOHW, COA,MOEA, and MOF sequentially. The problem for AHP is that the subjective judgment of the researcher has few effects on the hierarchical structure of this study. Therefore, the hierarchical structure in this study can be used as an analytical tool for the execution capacity assessment by all ministries in the future. In addition, we can find that ministry which related to food safety has relevance after inventory and compare the occupational activity of each ministry. As a result, ministry integration and cooperation will be the future direction of chemicals management in Taiwan.
According to the result, can found that there are still have shortcomings in chemicals management. And we can strengthen the policy and system in the future to improve the effectiveness of chemicals management for Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

management for chemicals ； analytic hierarchy process ； food safety ； execution capacity assessment ； ministry integration

參考文獻

5. 行政院環境保護署 105 年重要施政成果與 106 年未來工作規劃。

4. 《毒品危害防制條例》，民國106 年。

32. 經濟部國際貿易局：https://www.trade.gov.tw

1. 王彥傑（2005），"建築投資業土地開發評估：層級分析法及模糊層級分析法之比較研究" 中原大學企業管理學系，碩士論文。

2. 王茂奎（2015），"澎湖縣旅遊安全管理策略之研究－層級分析法的運用" 國立中山大學公共事務管理研究所，碩士論文。