蕎麥農藝特性及芸香苷含量變異之研究

Studies on the Agronomic Traits and Variation of Rutin Content in Buckwheat

張隆仁(Long-Zen Chang)

指導教授 ： 謝兆樞

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農藝學研究所/博士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.02264

摘要

本論文旨在探討應用逢機交配法所建立的普通種蕎麥C0與C1族群間農藝特性與芸香苷含量之變異與選拔之效果。其次，探討韃靼種蕎麥品種 (系) 間農藝特性與芸香苷含量表現之差異，提供韃靼種蕎麥在台灣栽培之參考資料。再針對因應目前國內農業轉型與作物多樣化發展之需求，探討普通種蕎麥和韃靼種蕎麥品種間，比較芽菜與蔬菜保健用途品種選育之主要農藝特性與芸香苷含量之差異性。最後探討韃靼種蕎麥與普通種蕎麥間GBSS蛋白之表現是否具有差異性存在，作為進一步進行蕎麥澱粉研究之基礎。試驗研究結果摘要如下：
1. 普通種蕎麥逢機交配C0、C1族群及其選育的前10%優良單株族群間的株高、分枝數、小花穗數等三個主要農藝特性和子實芸香苷含量的平均值 (mean)、標準偏差 (S.D.) 及變異係數 (CV值) 等。以及將族群平均估算的選種反應 (selection response) 除以選種差(selection difference)，估算出的遺傳率 (realized h2) 等介量，進行比較的結果顯示，四個性狀中以分枝數、小花穗數對於族群改良選拔的反應和效果較高，遺傳率估值分別為83.3%及93.9%。而株高與子實芸香苷含量的統計分析結果顯示兩性狀的選拔增進效果不佳，尤其是子實芸香苷含量的表現，雖然獲選的前10%優良單株的平均值高於C0族群平均，但是所估算的遺傳率偏低，僅為14.3%。此結果與國外學者的結論不相符合，其原因值得進一步的探討。
2. 六個韃靼種蕎麥品種 (系) 間農藝特性與子實芸香苷含量表現之差異之比較，於89與90兩個年度進行試驗結果顯示，年度間各調查性狀的平均值的均質性統計分析結果不符假說，因此將資料按個別年度進行變方分析。試驗結果顯示兩個年度各品種 (系) 在子實芸香苷含量表現上均無顯著差異，株高、單株粒數、單株粒重與公頃子實產量的表現在不同年度的品種 (系) 間都達到顯著差異。分枝數、小花穗數和千粒重則有年度間有不一致性的表現。各性狀間的相關分析統計結果顯示在不同年度的性狀相關性表現缺乏一致性的現象，無法作出結論。由兩年度的性狀平均值經最小差異比較LSD (5%)分析結果，初步可推論參試品種 (系) 間，以TB40539、TB50039和TB-CN等三個品種 (系) 無論在農藝特性或芸香苷含量的表現較穩定，值得進一步的研究與應用。
3. 普通種蕎麥和韃靼種蕎麥品種間，作為芽菜與蔬菜保健用途品種選育之主要農藝特性株高、單株鮮重與芸香苷含量之差異性的比較結果顯示，普通種蕎麥在株高與單株鮮重的平均值均高於韃靼種蕎麥的表現，生長速率的趨勢明顯的優於後者。而在單株芽菜的芸香苷含量的表現則以韃靼種蕎麥為高，萌芽後第五天即達3,438 mg/100g DW的含量，約為普通種蕎麥品種的平均值2,090 mg/100g DW 的75%，到第12天更高出普通種蕎麥品種的平均值約1.25倍。據此所獲結論為依據不同的育種目標，以選育高芸香苷含量作為保健加工產品的用途者，當以選擇韃靼種蕎麥品種為方向。若以夏季蔬菜選育為目標，則親本來源應以普通種蕎麥品種為宜。
4. 韃靼種蕎麥與普通種蕎麥種實內胚乳蛋白之比較：本試驗以兩個韃靼種蕎麥品種（系）為材料，以SDS-PAGE法分析內胚乳澱粉顆粒時，可發現在分子量約60 KDa的位置出現一個與普通種蕎麥，以及高粱的臘質蛋白分子量（60 KDa）相似的蛋白質。其次，進行韃靼種蕎麥蕎麥和普通種蕎麥品種間及其與大麥、玉米、高粱、水稻間的臘質蛋白之比較。結果發現韃靼種蕎麥品種的種實內胚乳澱粉顆粒，可發現在分子量約60 KDa的位置出現一個與高粱的臘質蛋白分子量（60 KDa）相似的蛋白質。由於未進行抗血清蛋白的免疫反應試驗，因而難於據此推測韃靼種蕎麥具有與高粱臘質蛋白（waxy protein）高度相似的GBSS蛋白存在。有關蕎麥臘質蛋白的研究仍是一項值得探討的題目，可作為蕎麥澱粉改良的基礎。

關鍵字

農藝特性 ； 變異 ； 蕎麥 ； 芸香苷

並列摘要

The main objectives of this study were to determine : 1. the selection response and the selection difference of the realized heritability for the agronomic traits and the rutin content among the random mating C0 , C1 and their top 10% selected elite single lines population of buckwheat. 2. the adaptation of newly introduced tatary buckwheat strains at central part of Taiwan area. 3. rutin content and agronomic traits for sprouts and vegetable useses of common buckwheat and tatary buckwheat. 4. the basic characteristics of buckwheat starch at molecular level . Whether there was GBSS protein in the starch granule of tatary buckwheat seeds was determined. The results were shown as follows:
1. To compare of the plant height, number of branches per plant , number of spike per plant and rutin content in seed among the random mating C0 , C1 and their top 10% selected elite single lines population of common buckwheat. The results showed that the traits of branches and and spike number could get the highest selection reponse among the improvement random mating population and their selected elite strain population. While the traits of plant height and rutin content in seed showed the lower selection response among the population.
2. The preliminary study of the six tatary buckwheat strains , the results showed that the rutin content had no significantly difference among the strains and the years. The tatary buckwheat TB40539, TB-50039 and TB-CN showed the best adaptation and potential at Taichung areas.

3. To compare the vegetable-used traits between common buckwheat and tatary buckwheat species. The qualities of sprout height, fresh weight and rutin content were investigated. The common buckwheat had the higher biomass and growth rates among them, while the tatary buckwheat species contained the highest rutin content at each growth stages. Thus depending on the objectives of the breeding program, two species of buckwheat can be used for vegetable and medicinal functional products.
4. To reveal the basic characteristics of buckwheat starch at a molecular level. Seed endosperm protein were purified from common buckwheat and tatary buckwheat, in order to determine whether there was GBSS protein in the starch granule of buckwheat seeds . The result showed that there were one 60 kda protein band recognized by western blot analysis using antibodies against sorghum GBSS. The molecular weight of this protein was similar to that of GBSS protein from sorghum, corn, barley and rice. With this preliminary data, it is possible to improve the starch quality of buckwheat through changes on GBSS protein.

並列關鍵字

Rutin ； Varitation ； Agronomic traits ； Buckwheat

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