哺乳親善職場對婦女母乳哺育行為之影響

The Effects of Breastfeeding-Friendly Workplace on Women’s Breastfeeding Behavior

陳怡君(Yi-Chun Chen)

指導教授 ： 丁志音

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/衛生政策與管理研究所/博士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.02311

摘要

自1999年推廣母嬰親善醫療院所後，產婦在住院期間的母乳哺育率已提昇；然而產假結束後，對許多職業婦女而言上班後持續哺乳似乎成了不可能的任務。獎勵公私立機構設置集乳室，以及每天一小時視同工作的擠奶時間，是目前有利於婦女在上班後持續哺乳的重要政策，然而有關這兩項政策的成效，以及目前職業婦女哺乳狀況之相關的研究並不多。本研究的目的即在於描述職業婦女的哺乳狀況，並探討前述兩項職場哺乳親善措施對於婦女哺乳行為之影響。

本研究選擇科學園區內某家設有集乳室的半導體公司為研究地點，以該公司內自1999年1月至2003年4月生育子女的1326名女性員工為研究對象。本研究先以深度訪談發展問卷內容，共訪談25位女性員工，再進行問卷調查。問卷調查的內容除了受訪者的基本資料外，還涵蓋婦女哺乳行為、工作狀況，以及對哺乳相關政策的瞭解與感受等。問卷調查總共回收998份有效樣本，完訪率達75.3%。研究者在問卷調查與結果的初步分析後，再針對部分特殊哺乳狀況的研究對象以電話進行個別的訪談，共訪談24位員工。

本研究發現，即使是在設有集乳室並且支持擠奶時間的公司內，上班後持續哺乳的婦女並不多(9.3%)，但是知道這兩項措施的婦女，有較高的比例會在上班後持續哺乳，顯示宣導哺乳親善措施的重要性。然而受限於工作性質與職場文化，即使知道公司的哺乳親善措施，生產線的女性員工比非生產線的員工較少在上班後持續哺乳。

本研究證實目前職場哺乳親善措施有其存在的價值。但是未來在政策推廣上，除了考量婦女在不同工作狀況下，上班後要持續哺乳時可能遭遇的困難與其解決之方式外，如何協助企業進一步落實政策的施行，也是重要的課題。

關鍵字

母乳哺育 ； 婦女 ； 哺乳親善職場

並列摘要

Abstract

The promotion of baby-friendly medical care hospitals in Taiwan since 1999 has resulted in an increased breastfeeding initiation rate for newborns. After maternity leave, however, employed mothers have found it difficult to continue breastfeeding their babies. There has been two key breastfeeding-friendly policies to encourage employed mothers to continue breastfeeding after returning to work, one is to encourage the public and private institutions to establish pumping rooms in the workplace and the other is to allocate one working hour per day for milk expression. However, little research has been conducted the current conditions of employed breastfeeding mothers and the effect of the two policies on women's breastfeeding behavior in the workplace. This research aims to fill that void.

Before proceeding to the survey, the researcher firstly conducted the in-depth interview with 25 female employees for developing the contents of the questionnaire. The research is based on a survey of 1,326 females, who gave birth between January 1999 and April 2003, and work for a Taiwan-based semiconductor company that provides its breastfeeding female employees with a pumping room. The contents of the survey questionnaire included the sample subjects' basic information, breastfeeding behavior, working conditions, and their perception and feeling toward the two breastfeeding-friendly policies. The number of valid samples totaled 998, or 75.3% of the total research population. After an initial analysis of the survey results, individual telephone interviews were conducted with 24 research subjects with special breastfeeding requirements.

The research found that, despite the provision of a pumping room and milk expression time, few employed mothers (9.3% of the valid sample) continued to breastfeed after returning to work. Even though a higher rate of mothers were aware of the policies encouraging the continuation of breastfeeding after returning to work¾which reinforces the importance of promoting breastfeeding-friendly policies¾a lower percentage of female employees working on the fab continued to breastfeed after returning to work compared with those working in the administrative office. The main reason for the difference was the nature of the employee's job and the culture of the workplace.

This research showed the value of breastfeeding-friendly policies in the work place. As regards future policy suggestions, it is advisable to consider the different working situations of employed breastfeeding mothers, and the problems and solutions that they may face after returning to the work place. Moreover, it is also very important to assist companies in the execution of breastfeeding-friendly policies.

並列關鍵字

Breastfeeding ； Women ； Breastfeeding-Friendly Workplace

參考文獻

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