基礎裸露橋梁之耐洪能力評估

林高玄(David-Lin)

指導教授 ： 蔡益超

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.02326

摘要

摘 要
台灣的河川大都有坡陡流急之特性，再加上砂石被大量盜採與超採，使得台灣橋梁基礎裸露情形甚為嚴重。在基礎裸露如此嚴重之情形下，如果碰上颱風及大洪水，那其後果是非常嚴重的，而且其災害是立即發生的，沒有反應時間。民國八十九年八月，碧利斯颱風過境後，橫跨高雄、屏東兩縣的高屏大橋“突然＂斷裂，有五部車掉入溪中，十六部車卡在斷掉的橋面上，有二十多人受傷送醫。由此可見其嚴重性。
有鑒於此，本研究以公路局以及相關單位提供之四十七座橋梁資料，進行結構分析。本文的目的是要分析評估台灣基礎裸露之橋梁其安全性如何，並計算安全係數提供工程界參考。
分析中是以“彈性”分析為主，另外並選取兩座橋作“非線性彈塑性”分析以及“P-Δ效應”分析，並提供一個“快速計算法”替代繁覆之彈性的結構分析模擬過程。

關鍵字

橋梁 ； 快速計算法 ； 沖刷 ； 基礎裸露

並列摘要

Abstract
Steep riverbed and rapid flow are the common characteristics in Tai wan’s rivers. In addition to this, there are large amount of soil and rock h ave been illegally or over digged. It causes that bridge foundation out of the riverbed seriously. In this situation, we could’t imagine how serious disaster it would be and neither have time to do something with it when ty phoon or flood encounter. In august 2000, typhoon BILIS came to us and cause the Kau-pin Bridge broken unwarned, there are five cars drop in the water, sixteen stock on the broken bridge, and more then twenty pe ople get injured.
Respecting to the huge damage of this serious problem, the present study use large amount information of forty-seven individual bridges pro vide by Directorate General of Highways,MOTC and relevant authority to do structure analysis. The purposes of this paper are to assess and eva luate the safeties of expose-foundation bridges in Taiwan, and to find out the safety numbers of those bridges to offer engineering reference.
The main analytics is “Linear elastic” approach, except that, use “Non-linear plastic” approach and “P-M effect” on two bridges and deve lop a “fast analysis ”approach to substitute complicate structure analysis
modeling process.

並列關鍵字

fast analysis approach ； scour ； expose-foundation ； bridge

參考文獻

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參考文獻