高能源效率無線監測網路之研發

Research and Development of Power-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network

陳奕帆(Yih-Fan Chen)

指導教授 ： 李世光

國立臺灣大學/工學院/應用力學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.02361

摘要

本論文針對工地施工支撐架安全監測與無線生醫監測這兩種應用的特性與需求，成功建立了一個高能源效率的無線監測網路雛形。論文中以系統的角度來分析網路架構、通訊協定及硬體設計對於省電效益的的影響，並詳細討論了這三者在設計時的互動關係。此外，本研究也對這三部分都分別提出可行的設計方案，同時說明建構高能源效率無線監測網路時可依循的設計準則。
相較於其他無線監測網路的研究都是以點對點網路拓樸為基本架構，本論文則根據上述兩種應用的特性而提出了所謂的階層式網路拓樸。論文中除了探討建立此階層式網路所應使用的通訊技術外，並提出此網路架構下的通訊協定設計。通訊協定的設計一方面解決了階層式網路架構中相鄰區域監測網路相互干擾的問題，另一方面則克服了電源管理機制對於監測模組進行多重存取時所造成的問題，提供非事件驅動的監測模組一個以超低工作週期運作的方案。此外，本論文也詳細說明如何善用微處理器的電源模來進行電源管理，並探討電源供應電路與監測模組的省電設計。
本研究自行開發了監測模組與區域網路控制中心的控制程式，並將整個系統於工地施工支撐架上進行測試。實驗的結果顯示本研究所開發的監測模組已經可以在區域網路控制中心的控制下形成區域監測網路，而各個區域網路控制中心則可以透過路由程式來轉傳資料，因此已經初步驗證了階層式網路拓樸的可行性。整合電源管理模式的通訊協定雖尚未開發完成，但關於微處理器省電模式的運用以及電路方面的省電設計皆以實際應用在監測模組上。簡言之，本論文將就高能源效率無線監測網路的感測器模組、區域網路控制中心、網路拓樸及通訊協定的設計及其彼此間的整合進行說明。

關鍵字

無線 ； 電源效率 ； 感測器 ； 網路

並列摘要

A power-efficient wireless sensor network that was designed according to the characteristics and requirements of construction site monitoring and wireless bio-detection was proposed in this thesis. A systematic viewpoint was used to analyze how the network topology, communication protocol, and the hardware design can affect the power efficiency. The correlation between these three factors was also detailed. Moreover, feasible design of the three parts mentioned above and some guidelines that can be followed to develop power-efficient wireless sensor network were explained thoroughly.
Instead of using Ad-hoc mode to establish wireless connection among each sensor node adopted by other wireless sensor network research, newly designed hierarchical network architecture was used in our system after considering the characteristics of the targeting applications. The communication technologies that should be used to build the hierarchical architecture was explained, and a communication protocol for this wireless sensor network was also proposed. This protocol not only avoids the interference between each local area network in the hierarchical architecture, but also provides a method for the sensor nodes to work in an ultra-low duty cycle manner even they are not event-driven. On the other hand, this thesis also discussed how to use power saving mode of microcontroller properly to design power management method and how to implement low power design on the sensor node as well as the power supply circuit.
Both the sensor node and the software of the local control center were developed during the course of this research, and the entire system has been verified by experimental tests on full-scale scaffold monitoring. The experimental results showed that sensor nodes could form the local area network under the control of the local control center to do wireless monitoring. In addition, the capability of using routing protocol to relay data between each local control center was also demonstrated. Therefore, we can say that the feasibility of the hierarchical wireless sensor network has been verified. Although the communication protocol did not fully integrate power management strategy, the power-saving mode of the microcontroller and power-saving circuit was all implemented in this thesis. In short, the design of the sensor node, local control center, network topology, and communication protocol, all of which are successfully integrated to demonstrate the capabilities of this newly developed system are detailed.

並列關鍵字

power-efficient ； network ； wireless ； sensor

參考文獻

ANSI/IEEE, 1999, Standard 802.11, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, New York, USA.

Akyildiz, I. F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., and Cayirci, E., 2002, “Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey,” Computer Networks, Vol. 38 (4), pp. 393–422.

Haartsen, J. C., and Mattisson, S., Oct., 2000, “Bluetooth—A New Low-Power Radio Interface Providing Short-Range Connectivity,” Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 88, pp. 1651–1661.

IEEE, Oct., 2003, Standard 802.15.4, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, New York, USA.

Marcy, H., Agre, J., Chien, C., Clare, L., Romanov, N., and Twarowski, A., Sept. 1999, “Wireless Sensor Networks for Area Monitoring and Integrated Vehicle Health management applications”, AIAA Space Technology Conference & Exposition, Albuquerque, NM, No. 99–4557.