臺灣現代主義文學與政治、社會之交互影響（1949-1973）

The Interactions between Modernist Literature and Politics-Society in Taiwan (1949-1973)

張孝慧(Hsiao-Hui Chang)

指導教授 ： 邱榮舉

共同指導教授 ： 陳芳明(Fang-Ming Chen)

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/博士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.11295

摘要

自由主義和現代主義的共通本質是個人主義，兩種思潮都包容人的多樣性並且尊重人的自由。在臺灣知識分子要求民主自由的言論日益受到威權政府限制的五○至六○年代，部分作家嘗試以現代主義的創作技巧，將人民內心的焦慮與不滿紀錄於文學之中。然而，由於現代主義是一種於戰後才大量輸入臺灣的文藝思潮，大異於過往臺灣人民所熟悉的寫實文學，故現代主義文學一度被譏為「脫離現實」。筆者將透過比對文學內容與社會實況，闡明臺灣現代主義作家其實非常關懷現實，其作品主題涉及階級、性別、族群、宗教、環保等實存於社會的問題。事實上，許多現代主義文學甚至幫助讀者發現自己被原生家庭或黨國教育灌輸的漢人中心論、男性中心論等偏見，以致帶動八○年代為原住民、女性、同志發聲的社會運動。
　　美援文化與威權統治是促成臺灣現代主義文學興起的主要原因，現代主義文學則成為表述小眾心聲、激勵臺灣人民持續追求自由民主的重要文本。本論文首先藉由《自由中國》、《文學雜誌》、《文星》、《現代文學》與《大學雜誌》五部期刊的文本內容，探索臺灣自由主義者與現代主義者的共通理念；而後整理現代主義在地化的進程。釐清兩股思潮的發展脈絡後，將分別從現代詩與現代小說這兩種文類，考察被存記於文學之中的個人內心世界。最後析論現代主義文學與政治社會的交互影響，並且闡釋詩與小說的差異性與互補性。

關鍵字

自由主義 ； 現代主義 ； 現代詩 ； 現代小說

並列摘要

Individualism is the common characteristic of liberalism and modernism, which these two ideologies both respect the diversity of human beings as well as their freedom. When people’s liberty was restricted and they lost the rights to propose their sociopolitical concerns in the 1950s and 1960s in Taiwan, a part of writers tried to create modernist literature in order to express the anxiety and disaffection of Taiwanese people. Some of Taiwanese readers, however, were not familiar with it in the beginning stage. Actually, modernism is one of the Western artistic trends which was spreaded to Taiwan extensively after 1949. Therefore, they satirized modernist literature as “not related to reality.” In fact, these modernists’ works, focusing on describing characters’ inner minds instead of external circumstances, disclose many Taiwaneses’ real feeling and thoughts which were not able to be spoken out in the era without freedom of speech. Moreover, the modernists’ foresights guided readers to find out that they were instilled gender and race prejudices by their family or national education. The content of modern Taiwan literature even facilitate the social movements for female, homosexual, and aborigine in the 1980s.
This dissertation is arranged in three parts. The first part deals with the communication between liberalists and modernists in Taiwan and their common thoughts through five journals, Free China, Literary Review, Literary Star (Wenxing), Modern Literature, and The Intellectuals, where their works were published. Chapter 1 offers a survey of political, social, economic, and cultural state in the third quarter of the twentieth century. Chapter 2 discusses the two main causes of the bloom of modernist literature in Taiwan, which are United States’ Aid along with abundant American cultural resouses and Taiwanese intellectuals’ liberal-mind under the authoritative rule. The three chpaters of Part 2 focuses on Taiwanese’ inner world which was taken down in modernist literature. Chapter 3 begins with a review of the development and criticisms of modernism in Taiwan. Chapter 4 and 5 prove that modernist poems and fictions, seperattely, are the important medium which expressed Taiwanese mind when they had little freedom. Furthermore, these works encouraged Taiwanese to keep striving for liberty and democracy. Part 3 deals with the interactions between modernist literature and real society, as well as the discrepancy and complementarity among poetry, fiction, and reality.

並列關鍵字

Liberalism ； Modernism ； Modernist Poetry ； Modernist Fiction

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