寬頻近紅外光譜與功能性磁振造影量測前額葉血液反應訊號進行比對分析

Evaluation and Comparison of the Hemodynamic Response Function of the Prefrontal Cortex by Broadband Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

張太睿(Tai-Jui Chang)

指導教授 ： 宋孔彬

國立臺灣大學/電機資訊學院/生醫電子與資訊學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202104454

摘要

功能性近紅外光譜 (function near infrared spectroscopy，fNIRS)是一種新興的功能性腦成像方法。利用光學原理進行非侵入性之偵測，同時能保留測試對象的自由活動。其中連續波系統是造價最低廉的 fNIRS 系統，利用多個光源和偵測器陣列以及專門的重建算法，可計算腦部血氧變化並以變化的區域重建3D腦部功能性影像[1]。此方法稱為Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT)。另外，利用磁振造影（Magnetic Resonance Imaging，MRI）的方式則能獲得大腦之結構性影像。
經顱紅外光刺激(transcranial infrared light stimulation, TILS)在人體實驗上[2-3]，可以增加專注力與短期記憶，因此，TILS應用於延緩失智症的治療上極有潛力。在TILS療程中，神經細胞自身代謝的變化，除了會反映在帶氧血紅素(oxygenated hemoglobin, HbO) 濃度相對變化(Δ [HbO])、去氧血紅素(deoxygenated hemoglobin, HbR) 濃度相對變化(Δ [HbR])，本身療效同時也會反映在受試者的認知改善上[4]。
本研究旨在建立fNIRS作為臨床應用及評估復健成效的工具，除了確定血氧濃度變化和活化區域的相關性外，亦藉fMRI提供之資訊準確定位，得到可靠之生理參數與資訊，以驗證硬體系統的穩定度以及光照治療對於認知測試的影響。
受試者為於20至80歲之間無腦疾病的健康受試者，經由延遲匹配任務(Delayed-matching to Sample, DMS)進行研究，fNIRS以及MRI訊號會分別使用Homer3和SPM12等分析軟體進行處理。其中，上述健康受試者於相隔一週進行之光譜量測實驗中，會在每一週單日試驗中的期間進行TILS光照治療，以監測是否對受試者未照光前的血氧濃度變化產生影響。未來進一步擴充硬體系統進行臨床試驗驗證其功效，以解決目前逐漸高齡化社會常見的腦部退化疾病或者輕微中風導致缺氧產生的腦部損傷，達到改善增進生活品質的目標。

關鍵字

腦部血氧 ； 血紅素 ； 功能性近紅外光譜 ； 磁振造影 ； 經顱紅外光刺激

並列摘要

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging method of functional brain imaging. The optical principle is used for non-invasive detection, while keeping the free movement of the test object. Among them, the continuous wave system is the cheapest fNIRS system. It uses multiple light sources and detector arrays and specialized reconstruction algorithms to calculate changes in brain blood oxygen and reconstruct 3D brain functional images from the changed areas [1]. This method is called Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT). In addition, the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can obtain structural images of the brain.
Transcranial infrared light stimulation (TILS) can increase concentration and short-term memory in human experiments[2-3]. Therefore, TILS has great potential in the treatment of dementia. In the course of TILS, the changes in the metabolism of nerve cells are reflected in the relative changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ [HbO]) and the relative changes in the concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin (Δ [HbR]), its own curative effect will also be reflected in the subject's cognitive improvement[4].
The purpose of this study is to establish fNIRS as a tool for clinical application and evaluation of rehabilitation effectiveness. In addition to determining the correlation between changes in blood oxygen concentration and the activated area, it also uses the information provided by fMRI to accurately locate and obtain reliable physiological parameters and information for verification. The stability of the hardware system and the impact of light therapy on cognitive testing.
The subjects are healthy subjects with no brain diseases between 20 and 80 years old. The research is conducted through Delayed-matching to Sample(DMS). The fNIRS and MRI signals will be processed by analysis software such as Homer3 and SPM12, respectively. Among them, the above-mentioned healthy subjects in the spectrum measurement experiment conducted one week apart, TILS light therapy will be performed during the single-day test every week to monitor whether the subject's blood oxygen concentration changes before the light is affected.

Keywords: brain blood oxygen changes, hemoglobin, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, transcranial infrared light stimulation

並列關鍵字

brain blood oxygen changes ； hemoglobin ； functional near-infrared spectroscopy ； transcranial infrared light stimulation ； magnetic resonance imaging

參考文獻

1. Ferrari, M., Quaresima, V. (2012). A brief review on the history of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) development and fields of application. Neuroimage, 63(2), 921-935.

2. Hashmi, J. T., Huang, Y. Y., Osmani, B. Z., Sharma, S. K., Naeser, M. A., Hamblin, M. R. (2010). Role of low‐level laser therapy in neurorehabilitation. Pm r, 2, S292-S305.

3. Hayworth, C. R., Rojas, J. C., Padilla, E., Holmes, G. M., Sheridan, E. C., Gonzalez‐Lima, F. (2010). In vivo low‐level light therapy increases cytochrome oxidase in skeletal muscle. Photochemistry and photobiology, 86(3), 673-680.

4. Barrett, D. W., Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2013). Transcranial infrared laser stimulation produces beneficial cognitive and emotional effects in humans. Neuroscience, 230, 13-23.

5. Sun, Y., Lee, H. J., Yang, S. C., Chen, T. F., Lin, K. N., Lin, C. C., ... Chiu, M. J. (2014). A nationwide survey of mild cognitive impairment and dementia, including very mild dementia, in Taiwan. PloS one, 9(6), e100303.