哈盆溪魚類族群棲地利用之研究

Habitat use by fish species in the Hapen Creek of northern Taiwan

莊鈴川(Ling-Chuan Chuang)

指導教授 ： 林曜松

共同指導教授 ： 梁世雄

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/生態學與演化生物學研究所/博士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.02479

摘要

自1996年8月至1998年12月於台灣北部的哈盆溪流域進行兩種台灣常見的鯉科魚類－台灣鏟頜魚（Varicorhinus barbatulus）與台灣馬口魚（Candidia barbatus）的生態形態學，以及台灣纓口鰍（Crossostoma lacustre）及明潭吻鰕虎（Rhinogobius candidianus）兩種底棲性魚類棲地利用的研究。結果顯示身體側扁，胸鰭較大的台灣馬口魚偏好水流緩慢的潭區，較不喜好水流快的急流，而台灣鏟頜魚則因為其圓筒狀的體型及較小的胸鰭，呈現出對潭區或急流均無特別偏好；台灣纓口鰍與明潭吻鰕虎在中型棲地（mesohabitat）尺度的利用上有重疊現象，而且都比較偏好水淺的急流（riffle）。以逐步複迴歸分析法進行更深入的微棲地（microhabitat）利用分析，結果發現，台灣鏟頜魚的魚群密度與溪寬和水深有顯著相關，台灣馬口魚則與流速、溪寬、大巨石、罩蓋度與卵石有顯著相關；台灣纓口鰍的魚群密度與水深、小巨石（small boulder）、細沙與小礫石（sand and gravel）有顯著的關係，而明潭吻鰕虎則與水深、溪寬、大巨石（large boulder）、卵石（cobble）有顯著相關。台灣纓口鰍與明潭吻鰕虎雖然在中型棲地的利用上有重疊，但是微棲地利用有所區隔可能可以降低台灣纓口鰍與明潭吻鰕虎種間競爭的壓力。
根據本研究結果，維持底石的多樣化有利於這兩種底棲魚種的共存，而魚類生態形態學的特徵，如體型和鰭的大小，則可能是預測台灣淡水魚棲地偏好一項有用的工具。同時上述四種魚類的研究結果對於台灣溪流在棲地經營與生態工法的施行上，也能提供具有價值的相關資訊。

關鍵字

台灣馬口魚 ； 明潭吻鰕台灣纓口鰍 ； 台灣鏟頜魚 ； 虎 ； 台灣 ； 棲地

並列摘要

Ecomorphology of two common cyprinid fishes, Varicorhinus barbatulus and Candidia barbatus, and habitat use of two common endemic and benthic fishes, Crossostoma lacustre and Rhinogobius candidianus, were investigated in the Hapen Creek of northern Taiwan from August 1996 to December 1998. Results showed that C. barbatus, that had a laterally compressed body and large pectoral fins, was a habitat specialist preferring slow flowing pools to swiftly flowing riffles, while V. barbatulus, that had a cylindrical body and small pectoral fins, was a habitat generalist with no special preference for either pools or riffles. C. lacustre and R. candidianus overlapped in mesohabitat use; both fish species preferred riffles to pools. The results of stepwise multiple regression analyses suggested that fish density was significantly related with stream width and water depth for V. barbatulus, but with current velocity, stream width, large boulder, canopy, and cobble for C. barbatus. For C. lacustre, further analyses based on stepwise multiple regression showed that fish density were significantly related with water depth, small boulder, and finer substrate but with water depth, stream width, large boulder, and cobble for R. candidianus; the separation in the microhabitat use might have alleviated the pressure for interspecific competitions despite of their overlapping in the mesohabitat scale.
The results suggest that the diverse substratum composition may have accounted for the co-exsitence of these two benthic fishes, and ecomorphological characters, such as body form and fin size, may be useful predictors for habitat preferences of freshwater fishes in stream of Taiwan. The results would also provide valuable information for habitat management and ecological engineering of mountain creeks in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Candidia barbatus ； Varicorhinus barbatulus ； Crossostoma lacustre, Rhinogobius candidianus ； habitat, Taiwan

參考文獻

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