- 學位論文
集權與分權定價策略下之動態產能規劃
Dynamic Capacity Planning Under Centralized and Decentralized Pricing Schemes
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摘要
隨著全球化的趨勢，許多企業從集權式單一管理演變至分權式管理，本研究分別探討此兩種不同的管理下，其產品定價過程對產能規劃的影響，本研究依據不同的產品定價過程，建構不同的動態產能規劃模型以得到最佳的產能擴充策略並在問題規劃期限內得到最大化的預期利潤。 本研究主要以一單一彈性產能生產兩種產品為主軸建構動態產能規劃模型，其中產品具有替代性，即任一項產品的價格受到本身及另一產品的需求影響，以線性需求函數表達； 另外，產品的需求受經濟環境影響，本研究利用不同的需求情境設計以描述此現象。在研究變數方面，本研究建構三種動態產能模型以描述三種價格因子( 平均售價、各別產品價格、分權式產品價格 )對於產能規劃的影響。在集權式產品訂價下，本研究討論兩種在產能規劃中使用的價格因子：平均售價( Average selling price, ASP) 及各別產品價格 (Separate product prices)。 本研究以數值分析驗證動態產能規劃模型之穩健性，並且自數值分析之結果中找出不同定價策略之替代性及提出管理意涵。
並列摘要
This research studies a finite period problem concerning product pricing, production, and capacity decision. We consider the capacity planning problem under centralized and decentralized pricing decisions. Dynamic capacity planning problems are formulated for a company who manufactures two products. Cross-price effects are considered, namely demand of each product is affected by prices of both products. Demand scenarios are utilized to formulate the volatile business environments. We formulate the problem into dynamic programming models with different pricing schemes. The decision variable is the capacity expansion amount in each period that maximized the total expected profit in the planning horizon. In each period, nonlinear optimization problem is solved to decide the optimal product prices and production quantities. In centralized pricing decision, we study two cases of centralized price, the separate product prices and the average selling price (ASP). We find that the adoption of separate product prices in capacity planning process yield much higher expected total profit than that of the ASP. Furthermore, we find that the decentralized prices lead to the lowest expected profit compared to that of the centralized price in capacity process. Numerical study is adapted to verify the model robustness, and help us to obtain more insights about the relationship between centralized and decentralized pricing scheme in capacity planning.
參考文獻
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