- 學位論文
閱讀史畢娃克閱讀傅柯：庶民論述一種
A Potential Subalternist? Reading Spivak Reading Foucault
摘要
本論文旨在探討佳雅特里•史畢娃克(Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak)對於傅柯(Michel Foucault)批判的態度流變，以及傅柯理論與庶民研究的相關性。經由回應史畢娃克對傅柯的批判，本論文評估傅柯做為一個庶民主義者的可能性。本論文分為四個章節。第一章討論庶民及庶民性的內涵，追蹤庶民學派的發展過程及史畢娃克的後結構轉向，並統整史畢娃克在<庶民能否發言？> ("Can the Subaltern Speak?")中對傅柯的各項批判。第二章對上述批判逐一做出回應，包含傅柯對殖民主義的缺乏意識、傅柯對東方不切實際的想像、傅柯和西方整體利益的勾連、傅柯對中立而不需檢驗的發言位置的渴求、傅柯和庶民研究的相關性、以及傅柯對(新)庶民利益可能做出的貢獻。透過上述的檢驗，本論文主張傅柯的西方考古學和庶民的利益可以是一致的。第三章研究<庶民能否發言？>以降，包含收錄在後殖民理性批判<歷史>章中對此文的修訂及其他更晚近的作品中，史畢娃克對傅柯態度的流變；將新國際勞力分工、外籍家庭幫傭以及新庶民等後起的概念也納入考量，爬梳史畢娃克的思辯過程。第四章總結此論文並試圖再論：我們是否可以、如何能夠將傅柯視為一個庶民主義者？無論是史畢娃克對傅柯的解讀或是探究傅柯理論對庶民的可能貢獻，都能幫助我們正視當代台灣正面臨的庶民議題。
並列摘要
This thesis investigates Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's shifting critical positions on Michel Foucault and the applicability of Foucauldian theories to notions of the subaltern in an effort to respond to Spivak's critiques of Foucault and to assess Foucault as a potential subalternist. Chapter One discusses definitions of the subaltern and subalternity, tracks the development of Subaltern Studies critical projects including Spivak's post-structural turn, and provides a summary of Spivak's critique of Foucault in "Can the Subaltern Speak?" Chapter Two responses to Spivak's insights about Foucault's ignorance of colonialism and his wishful Orientalism, her evaluation of Foucault's complicity with Western interests and of his desire to be neutral or transparent, and her estimation of Foucault in relation to the (new) subaltern interests. Through those assessments, this thesis contends that what can be called Foucault's archaeology of the West implicitly aligns with subaltern interests. Chapter Three investigates Spivak's more recent positions on Foucault after "Can the Subaltern Speak?"—including the revised version of "Can the Subaltern Speak?" as it appears in the "History" chapter of A Critique of Postcolonial Reason—to address issues including the new international division of labor, foreign domestic workers, and the new subaltern. Chapter Four concludes this thesis and asks: can Foucault be viewed as a subalternist? If so, how? With the help of both Spivak's readings of Foucault and Foucault's possible reading of the subaltern, this thesis argues for the relevance of subaltern studies in contemporary Taiwan.