以原子沉積技術改植體表面及其表現之研究

Research on the Dental Implant Surface Properties and Performance Using Atomic Layer Deposition

陳宜謙(Yi-Chien Chen)

指導教授 ： 曾琬瑜

國立臺灣大學/醫學院/臨床牙醫學研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201902239

摘要

牙科植體自1960年代發展至今已趨純熟，透過人工植體與齒槽骨達成骨整合之後再接上贋復物已成為目前牙科處置牙齒缺失的治療方案之一。在過去文獻指出牙科植體的表面處理對於骨整合至關重要。
過去植體表面處理多著重於微米等級的粗糙度，本實驗利用原子沉積技術在商業用純鈦以及鈦六鋁四釩試片上分別鍍上不同厚度(0nm、25nm、50nm、100nm)的氧化鋁及氧化鋯，分別評估各組細胞存活率、骨礦化能力、細胞形態、粗糙度之差異。
細胞存活率部分，氧化鋯鍍膜組存活率較高，但氧化鋁是否鍍膜並無統計差異性；骨礦化能力分成鹼性磷酸酶與骨鈣素兩項實驗做探討，氧化鋯鍍膜對鹼性磷酸酶的分泌有所助益，但氧化鋁鍍膜則否；骨鈣素試驗則因實驗天數之因素，全部組別之數值皆低於無試片控制組；以免疫螢光染色觀察細胞形態，則發現氧化鋯鍍膜之細胞形態較多絲狀突觸，而氧化鋁鍍膜組的細胞形態較寬扁，兩種鍍膜材細胞形態皆呈多角形。材料實驗之結果得到鍍膜厚度越厚，表面粗糙度越大；掃描式電子顯微鏡下觀測到氧化鋯組別隨鍍膜厚度增加，表面的成核顆粒越大越密集，但氧化鋁鍍膜組的試片表面成核顆粒就不似氧化鋯鍍膜組般顯著。
由本實驗結果可知，原子沉積技術能穩定地控制鍍膜厚度，增加植體表面奈米等級之粗糙度，並且鍍膜厚度，表面粗糙度越高。此外，氧化鋯鍍膜有助於提升鈦金屬之生物相容性及鹼性磷酸酶之活性，氧化鋁鍍膜則是生物相容性與鈦金屬相當，但對鹼性磷酸酶之活性則與未鍍膜組無統計差異性。

關鍵字

植體表面處理 ； 原子沉積技術 ； 氧化鋯 ； 氧化鋁

並列摘要

Dental implant has become popular treatment option in modern dentistry. Osseointegration is one of the key factors that influence the treatment outcome of implantation. Moreover, the surface treatment of implant plays an important role in osseointegration.
The research modified the implant surface by using atomic layer deposition for coating ZrO2 and Al2O3 with different thickness (0nm, 25nm, 50nm, 100nm) on commercially pure titanium and Ti6Al4V discs respectively. Surface roughness and 3D image was measured and calculated by atomic force microscope. Surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscope. The cell viability test was evaluated using alamar blue assay and cell morphology was detected by immunofluorescence assay. Alkaline phosphatase assay and osteocalcin were used as early and late biochemical markers for evaluating osteoblast bone mineralization respectively.
The results showed the surface roughness of ZrO2 and Al2O3 coatings were both in nanoscale topography. Furthermore, the thicker coatings resulted in higher surface roughness. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed characteristic differences between different coating materials. The crystals on the ZrO2 coatings were more evident than Al2O3 coatings.
ZrO2 coatings demonstrated better results in alamar blue assay and alkaline phosphate activity than non-coating samples whereas there were no significant differences between Al2O3 coatings and non-coating samples. HEPM cell morphology was also influenced by the surface treatment. The morphology on ZrO2 coatings presented more filament structures whereas Al2O3 coatings seems more flattened. As for the osteocalcin assay, the result of each group was lower than control group due to the experiment period was not long enough.
To conclude, with atomic layer deposition technique, the implant surface roughness could control in nanoscale. Moreover, ZrO2 coatings showed better cell viability and alkaline phosphatase assay result than non-coating samples. Therefore, ZrO2 could be an appropriate coating material for improve osseointegration.

並列關鍵字

atomic layer deposition ； zirconium oxide ； aluminum oxide ； alkaline phosphatase ； osteocalcin ； osseointegration ； atomic force microscope

參考文獻

Niklaus P. Lang, J.L., Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry 6th edition. 2015.

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Kim, H. and W.-J. Maeng, Applications of atomic layer deposition to nanofabrication and emerging nanodevices. Thin solid films, 2009. 517(8): p. 2563-2580.

Kim, H., et al., The biocompatibility of SLA-treated titanium implants. Biomed. Mater, 2008. 3(025011): p. 025011.

Gaggl, A., et al., Scanning electron microscopical analysis of laser-treated titanium implant surfaces—a comparative study. Biomaterials, 2000. 21(10): p. 1067-1073.