自第一原理架構泛用么正黑洞蒸發模型之分析

我們介紹了一個可以描述自洽的黑洞蒸發圖像所需的必要特徵的泛用模型。然而儘管新模型的解釋能力十分強大，我們還是展示出了在本模型下黑洞必然是會漏出資訊的。一個么正的黑洞蒸發過程必須包含一個"隱藏區域"－一種在事件視界上隱密的零能量衰減蒸發過程，來暫時儲存資訊。除此之外，黑洞的微觀態密度與宏觀的熱力學性質在確立最終爆發與零能量極點可相互連結，與正比於黑洞蒸發末時貝肯斯坦上限對應的熵之紫外界限時，兩者可以相互關聯。

關鍵字

黑洞蒸發；資訊遺失悖論；量子位元模型；黑洞熵；軟髮

並列摘要

Based on the discretized horizon picture, we introduce a macroscopic effective model of the horizon area quanta that encapsulates the features necessary for black holes to evaporate consistently. The price to pay is the introduction of a ``hidden sector'' that represents our lack of knowledge about the final destination of the black hole entropy. We focus on the peculiar form of the interaction between this hidden sector and the black hole enforced by the self-consistency. Despite the expressive power of the model, we arrive at several qualitative statements. Furthermore, we identify these statements as features inside the microscopic density of states of the horizon quanta with the dimension of the configuration space being associated with the area per quanta in Planck unit, a UV cutoff proportional to the amount of excess entropy relative to Bekenstein's law at the end of evaporation, and a zero-frequency-pole-like structure corresponding to, similarly, the amount of excess entropy at IR limit. We then relate this nearly-zero-frequency structure to the soft hairs proposed by Strominger et al., and argue that we should consider deviating away from the zero frequency limit for soft hairs to participate in the black hole evaporation.

並列關鍵字

Black hole evaporation ； Information loss paradox ； Qubit model ； Black hole entropy ； Soft hair

參考文獻

[1] R. J. Adler, P. Chen, and D. I. Santiago. The Generalized uncertainty principle and black hole remnants. Gen. Rel. Grav., 33:2101–2108, 2001.

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[2] A. Almheiri, N. Engelhardt, D. Marolf, and H. Maxfield. The entropy of bulk quantum fields and the entanglement wedge of an evaporating black hole. JHEP, 12:063, 2019.