- 學位論文
臺灣北部、東北部海岸石花菜之資源評估、生活史與培育研究
Resources Assessment, Life Cycle and Culture Experiments of Gelidium spp. Found at The North and Northeastern of Taiwan.
摘要
石花菜是臺灣北部地區的一項經濟藻類，沿海漁民多岸邊或潛水採擷、日曬，零星或集中販售以為洋菜膠之原料，或自行或轉賣製作石花凍冰品於各遊憩據點銷售，而成為沿海漁民生計的一部分。研究中調查了2004年五月生長高峰期之現生資源量，估計全區約有231.8噸乾藻的產量，與同年漁業年報統計之產量80噸相差了約三倍，而2003年漁業年報為165噸的產量視之，可能因前一年採擷過量，使得隔年的藻類豐富度降低，而影響隔年的產量。為了解當地石花菜的相關種類與其生活史階段在不同季節?堛漱嬪G與成長率，續對其形態、孢子囊種類與孢子釋放、萌發、成長及附苗的實驗，開發石花菜人工養殖之模式。 在採樣觀察中僅發現到其中的一個可能為新種的Gelidium sp.存在果孢子囊，可能各個不同當地石花菜種類的含果孢子囊個體與配子體均有類似的形態。果孢子的發育型態變化與四分孢子相似，在不添加營養鹽勤換海水情況下，低溫短日照確能提高生長率。而室外的人工繩索夾枝養殖使用三種不同材質(棉、尼龍、麻)之繩索，以垂直式懸吊養殖有較佳之較果，尼龍繩尤佳。但是最後卻因生長季節已過而凋亡怠盡。
關鍵字
石花菜、養殖、人工夾苗、生活史並列摘要
Gelidium is one of the economically important algae distributed along the northern and northeastern coast of Taiwan. Fishermen collect the plants from the sublittoral zone by diving. The algae are sun-dried and packed for sale as raw material for agar industry or boiled to make the gelling desert by the local residents. Gelidium resource becomes part of the fishermen’s income. After a yearly investigation of the natural abundance in 2004, an annual harvest was estimated to be 231.8 metric tons, close to the reported 165 tons of trade in 2003. However, it was far different from the reported 80 metric tons yield of 2004. It revealed the fact that an over harvesting of standing crop could be happened in 2003, leading to the lower harvesting in 2004. To better understanding of the resources, the local species of Gelidium at Waimusan, Keelung were studied of their life stages and growths in different months of 2005. The morphology of sporangia, spore releasing, spore germination and seedling growth were also studied. It has been observed that only one type of morphologically distinct plants contained carposporangia during spring. The new species was regarded as gametophyte of the various local species, G. amansii, G. japonicum and G. pacificum. The germination and growth of carpospore and tetraspore of different species were similar. Indoor growth of seedlings was found better in plane seawater, low temperatures and short light period . Outdoor growths of sporophytes, which were tied on the hanging string of cotton, nylon and hemp material, were tested in a closed tank and open pond. It was found that a vertically-hanging of the algal strip of nylon had a better growth than horizontally-hanging and other string material. However, the growth stopped very soon and plants decayed due to the end of the growth season.