台灣牙醫相關學系所教師之專利統計分析

專利是政府為了保障發明人的創意且維護正當權益，經審查程序通過而授與的權利。在台灣，專利可分為發明專利、新型專利及新式樣專利三種，分別具不同範圍之專利保障。獲得專利可擁有商品製造之壟斷權，因此商業上專利的取得十分重要。此外，學術上也可藉由專利，以維護發明人的研究成果。　　全台灣有八所大專院校具牙醫學相關之系所，因為教師們擁有的專利各不相同，希望藉由比較專利的數量及分門別類，推測學校或系所的研發能力及研究重心。　　本論文將專利分為牙科材料、牙科器械、牙科檢驗法、癌症及生物醫學相關，其中牙科材料相關的專利最多，佔36%；牙醫師相較於非牙醫師教師，前者則擁有66%牙科相關的專利，高於後者的53%；教師職等的專利數比較，教授擁有較多的專利，佔專利總數的60%；專利申請者而言，以學校名義申請的專利最多，佔專利總數的51%，而專利權移轉給公司或法人者則有24%。　　牙醫學相關學校的專利統計資料顯示各校特色：台灣大學大多為校內合作的方式申請專利；陽明大學的教師個人專利最多；台北醫學大學的總專利數最多，移轉給公司法人的專利件數亦最多；中山醫學大學主要開發牙科材料相關專利；中國醫藥大學的助理教授專利密度優於其他職等教師；高雄醫學大學的教師幾乎都申請牙科相關的專利；成功大學在牙科檢驗法、癌症及生物醫學相關專利最多；國防大學傾向同系所教師共同申請專利。　　根據本論文亦將發明人分類為主要發明人及共同發明人，比較其專利類型及數量上的差別，分析出各系所教師的專利研發能力，並了解各校在專利開發上的優勢及不足之處。此外，藉此專利統計資料，希望可以提供台灣大專院校牙醫學相關系所，除論文評比外，另一項評估數據。

關鍵字

專利；發明人；專利申請者；發明專利；新型專利；新式樣專利

並列摘要

A patent is a form of intellectual property. Patent rights are granted after the application is examined and approved under the Patent Act. Patents are classified into three categories, invention patents, utility model patents, and design patents. The patentee of a patented article have the exclusive right, therefore, it is important for a company to get a patent. In addition, owning patents is a protection for inventors in the academic field. In Taiwan, there are eight schools having the dental departments or institutes, and each school has its field of research. By classifying and comparing teachers’ patents, we can predict the ability or development of the departments and institutes. We classified the patents into six categories, dental material, dental instrument, dental method of assay, biomedicine, cancer related and others. Dental material-related patents were the major part, and accounted for 36% of all patents. Dentists had dental related patents in 66% of all patents. In contrast, non-dentist teachers had 53% of all patents. As for the professional level, professors had the majority of patents which accounted for 60% of all patents. Analyzing the applicants, school-applied patents were 51% and company-applied patents were 24% of all patents. Each school or institute had its own application pattern. Teachers in National Taiwan University applied patents by cooperating with others in their school. National Yang Ming University had the majority of its patents applied by individual teachers. Taipei Medical University had more numbers of patents than other schools or institutes. Teachers in Chung Shan Medical University developed most dental material-related patents in its school. In China Medical University, assistant professors had the highest density of patents than others in the school. Most teachers in Kaohsiung Medical University applied dental-related patents. National Cheng Kung University applied more numbers of patents in dental method of assay, biomedicine and cancer-related fields than other schools or institutes. Teachers in National Defense University preferred to apply patents by their institute. In this thesis, by classifying inventors into primary inventor and co-inventor, we tried to access the ability of teachers and the direction of development in each dental school or institute. In addition, we can understand the advantage and disadvantage of each school in development of patents. Moreover, the thesis may give a reference for ranking the departments or institutes in each school or institute.