- 學位論文
電動車用鋰電池放電熱分析
Thermal Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries during Discharge for Electric Vehicles
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摘要
鋰離子電池越來越廣泛運用在純電動車以及混合動力電動車上，其高能量密度的特性能夠明顯地降低鋰電池組的重量及空間。鋰離子電池中，有些材料的熱穩定性較低，在放電過程中會提高鋰電池的溫度，甚至會超過理想操作溫度範圍，導致鋰電池的壽命受到影響，縮短了鋰電池能夠使用的時間以及次數。鋰電池操作時的溫度控制不僅僅是維持鋰電池的壽命，同時也是顧慮到安全性的問題。進行鋰電池相關之實驗，往往需付出大量的時間在充、放電過程上，且在實際情況上，有許多欲瞭解之情形，是比較難以去控制其條件參數的；有鑑於此，本研究之目的為進行電動車用鋰電池放電熱分析，並提供一套建立鋰電池模型之方法，使得不同來源的鋰電池，也可以以此方法，建立其模型，進而依照使用者之需求進行模擬。 本研究將鋰電池產生之熱量假設為內阻變化所造成，且簡化鋰電池幾何模型，將其與實驗結果相互對照、印證，進而建立鋰電池組模型，探討排列間距、強制對流流速對鋰電池溫度控制的效益，並考慮鋰電池組中，含有一狀況較差之鋰電池對周遭之影響。 由實驗結果可了解鋰電池表面最高溫度發生在最中間處，單顆鋰電池模型最高溫升與實驗值誤差皆在5%以內，而鋰電池組最高溫發生在中心之位置，鋰電池組模型與其誤差則約10%。最後探討幾個不同參數下的模擬結果，可以發現不同的排列間距造成鋰電池之間影響的程度不同，且同時考慮高空氣流速以及較寬之間距可有效地將溫度控制在理想範圍之內。
並列摘要
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are becoming widely used in electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Owing to the characteristics of its high energy density, Li-ion batteries can significantly reduce the weight and space of the packs for EVs. Some materials in the Li-ion battery have the low thermal stability during discharge process, which will increase the temperature of the battery, and shorten the battery life. Experiments of Li-ion batteries often takes a lot of time during the charge and discharge processes. Moreover, it is difficult to control experimental parameters. Our purpose is to analyze the thermal characteristics of the batteries for electric vehicle during discharge, and to provide a methodology for establishing Li-ion battery model. In this study, the heat generated by the Li-ion battery is assumed to be caused by changes in resistance. The geometric model of the Li-ion battery is simplified. Simulation models are validated with experimental results. The impact of Li-ion battery pack parameters on temperature rises, including air flow rate, air temperature, battery arrangement and battery conditions, are studied based on simulation results. The experimental results show that the maximum surface temperature of Li-ion battery occurs in the middle area of the battery. The maximum temperature errors between single Li-ion battery model and the experimental is less than 5%. The highest temperature of the Li-ion battery pack is occurred in the center position and the simulation error is less than 7%. Simulation results also show that taking into account the high air flow rate and a wide spacing can be effective in the control of the temperature within the desired range.
參考文獻
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