- 學位論文
臺北市河濱高草叢斑塊特徵對草生性鳥類的影響
Effect of patch characteristics on grassland birds in riparian area of Taipei
摘要
臺北市由於都市開發迅速，導致許多生物的棲地限制在特定區域內，如山區、公園或是河濱等相對自然的環境。從臺灣繁殖鳥類大調查（BBS）2009-2012年的資料中顯示，北部區域的數種草生性鳥種的族群有下降趨勢，包含灰頭鷦鶯、褐頭鷦鶯、山紅頭、小彎嘴畫眉等，其中又以灰頭鷦鶯下降的最為劇烈。臺北市較大面積的高草叢大多集中在農田或河濱地區，相對來說，農田對鳥類多樣性的貢獻研究比較透徹，因此本研究聚焦於緊鄰都市的河濱地區，針對高草叢的環境因子如何影響草生性鳥種的群聚進行探討。 本研究以臺北市景美溪、社子島、雙溪及磺溪的窄河道河濱地區為研究樣地，於2012年8月到2013年7月間，每個月進行一次鳥類調查，鳥類調查方式是採用地圖描繪法（mapping），高草叢調查則是以現地調查並搭配林務局農林航空測量所的正射影像描繪。時間尺度區分為鳥類繁殖季（3月－6月）及非繁殖季（10月－1月）兩季，環境因子選取高草叢面積、周長、周長面積比及連結度等因子，探討其對草生性鳥種有無出現、鳥種豐富度、數量及密度等群聚參數的影響，並且也針對個別鳥種進行環境因子分析。 結果顯示，繁殖季時高草叢周長面積比是影響草生性鳥類群聚的重要因子，但對個別鳥種的數量並非重要因子。非繁殖季時高草叢周長面積比只對鳥種豐富度是重要因子，連結度則對有無出現及鳥種豐富度是重要因子，但對個別鳥種數量則兩者皆並非重要因子。不同季節會有如此差異，推測是繁殖與擴散階段需求不同所致。非繁殖季時，鳥類處於擴散期或幼鳥移動的階段，因此連結度的重要性會比在繁殖季時明顯。 不同鳥種由於習性的不同，對於高草叢的需求也有所不同，如繁殖季時灰頭鷦鶯與褐頭鷦鶯在高草叢環境需求就有差異，前者偏好有較大核心區的高草叢，後者則偏好不規則、邊緣較多的高草叢，可能灰頭鷦鶯在棲地需求上比褐頭鷦鶯更偏好完整的大面積高草叢；斑文鳥在兩季節都偏好周長較長的高草叢，不需要大面積的高草叢，而粉紅鸚嘴與灰頭鷦鶯相似，都需要較大面積且有核心區的高草叢。 藉由本研究的結果，希望能有助於對臺灣原生草生性鳥種的棲地偏好更加了解，以及幫助河濱地區高草叢的生態經營管理以維持區域多樣性。
並列摘要
Urban development is rapid in Taipei, leading to many biological habitat is limited to a specific area, such as mountains, park, riparian or other relatively natural environment. From 2009-2012 Taiwan breeding birds survey data show that the number of grass birds in the northern region have the downward trend, including the Prinia flaviventris, Prinia flaviventris, Stachyris ruficeps, Pomatorhinus ruficollis etc., among which Prinia flaviventris most dramatic decline. The large area of tall grass in Taipei mostly concentrated in the fields or riparian, on the contribution of farmland bird diversity thorough comparison, this study focused on areas close to the city's riparian. I will focus on grass how environmental factors affect the habitat of birds flocking grass nature to explore. The study in the August 2012 to July 2013 monthly bird surveys once a year to Jingmei, Shezi Island, and Huangsi riparian tall grass, the bird survey way is to use the Mapping to obtain information on the birds, grass habitat survey is based on manually and with the aerial photos to be designated, Using Arc GIS software to access to environmental factors. When analyzing the tim is divided into bird breeding season (March-June) and non-breeding season (October-January) and autumn, environmental factors selected area, perimeter, perimeter- area ratio and connectivity factor to explore the degree whether the emergence of grassland bird species richness and the number of affected and also for individual bird species environmental factor analysis. The results showed that when the breeding season grass perimeter-area ratio is affected bird species naturally an important factor, non-breeding season perimeter-area ratio is still an important factor affecting of grass species. Connection will appear on the presence and abundance of grass bird species is an important factor, but the number of individual bird species is not an important factor. Is there such a difference in different seasons, presumably due to the different stages of reproduction and proliferation of needs. When the non-breeding season, birds or young birds in proliferation of of moving phase, and therefore the degree of importance of Connection would be significantly higher than during the breeding season. With the results of this study, hoping to contribute to Taiwan's native grass species nature habitat preferences to better understand and help the riverfront ecological management of tall grass to maintain regional diversity.