- 學位論文
比較匯率計算和購買力平價計算的GDP
A Comparison of GDP at Exchange Rates and GDP at Purchasing Power Parity
摘要
1960年代至1990年代，台灣的經濟發展迅速，每年都有超過百分之十的高經濟成長率，這也使得台灣能夠成為「亞洲四小龍」之一。自此以後，台灣走入了已開發國家的行列，每年的經濟成長率大多維持在4%上下，甚至是「保2」的邊緣。該如何形容當前的台灣經濟現況呢？是具有代表性的經濟指標「國內生產毛額」（GDP），還是每人每月的平均薪資、「消費者物價指數」（CPI）、匯率，亦或者是「22K」。 本文利用「國際比較計畫」（ICP）的資料，重新檢視並比較匯率計算和購買力計算的GDP差異，以及所代表的意義。並使用1991年至2016年的PPP、匯率、人均GDP、PLI、CPI等數據資料，來比較台灣、韓國、日本與美國的經濟狀況。其中以匯率計算的日本平均每人所得呈現較為劇烈的上下波動，但比較購買力平價計算的平均每人所得則是較為平緩的上升趨勢。在經過比較實際資料後發現，以購買力平價計算的GDP，較能反映台灣相對於美國有較低的物價水準，這樣的條件甚至是超越韓國和日本的，繼續保有這樣的經濟條件，可以讓在台灣生活的人們，能有更美好的生活水準和物質條件。 比較兩國相同商品和服務的不同訂價時，採用以兩國貨幣購買力為基礎的購買力平價（PPP），可以反映出兩國不同的物價水準。本研究選擇透過經濟學人雜誌的「大麥克指數」，這項簡易的國際物價指標，可以更進一步了解到台灣相對於全球其他國家的物價水準。這樣貼近人們生活經驗的大麥克指數，讓我們透過一個簡單的概念，初步了解到購買力平價的意義。也可以從各國的大麥克訂價，了解到與台灣在相同的人均GDP條件下，台灣還能一直保持著相對較低的物價水準，實在是一件難能可貴的事。
並列摘要
From the 1960s to the 1990s, Taiwan's rapid economic growth rate exceeded 10% each year, making it one of the "Four Asian tigers". Since then, Taiwan has entered the ranks of developed countries, with annual economic growth rates of around 4 percent or even on the edge of 2 percent. How do you describe the current state of Taiwan's economy? Is it a typical economic indicator, "gross domestic product", or the average monthly salary, "CPI", exchange rate, or "22K"? In this paper, the data of the international comparison plan (ICP) are used to re-examine and compare the GDP difference between exchange rate calculation and purchasing power calculation, as well as its significance. The data of PPP, exchange rate, per capita GDP, PLI and CPI from 1991 to 2016 were used to compare the economic conditions of Taiwan, Korea, Japan and the United States. Among them, the average income per person in Japan calculated by exchange rate presents relatively violent fluctuation, but the average income per person calculated by purchasing power parity shows a relatively gentle upward trend. After comparing the actual data, found that in purchasing power parity terms of GDP, a more accurate representation of Taiwan have a lower price level relative to the United States, such conditions or even surpass South Korea and Japan. Maintaining such economic conditions will enable people living in Taiwan to have a better standard of living and better material conditions. Purchasing power parity (PPP), which is based on the purchasing power of the two currencies, is adopted to reflect the different price levels of the two countries when comparing different prices of the same goods and services. In this study, the economist's "The Big MAC Index", a simple international price index, can be used to understand Taiwan's prices relative to the rest of the world. In this way, The Big MAC Index, which is close to people's life experience, enables us to get a preliminary understanding of the meaning of purchasing power parity through a simple concept. Can also from the big MAC pricing, learn with Taiwan under the condition of the same GDP per capita, Taiwan also has maintained a relatively low price level, it is a valuable thing.