天然氣過境國的議價能力：以白俄羅斯、喬治亞和摩爾多瓦為例

國際政治領域中，多數研究聚焦在俄羅斯和歐盟的天然氣關係，較少注意到過境國的角色。本文從國際層次的角度，發現白俄羅斯、喬治亞和摩爾多瓦的特殊地位；特別是在1991年之後，他們的新政府尚未穩定，經濟上又高度依賴天然氣，所以，必然要和俄羅斯進行議價。所幸的是，白俄羅斯、喬治亞和摩爾多瓦承襲蘇聯時期的天然氣管線，可以獲得議價籌碼；另外，他們可以走向「親俄羅斯」、「親歐盟」或「搖擺」兩者之間的道路。有趣的是，白俄羅斯、喬治亞和摩爾多瓦卻發展出不同的對外關係。因此，本文以白俄羅斯、喬治亞和摩爾多瓦作為例子，比較出過境國在生產國和消費國之間的議價能力。

關鍵字

議價能力；能源；白俄羅斯；喬治亞；摩爾多瓦

並列摘要

Many studies with respect to the field of international politics focus more on the natural gas of Russia and EU rather than neighboring countries. Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis is to explore the distinct roles of Belarus, Georgia, and Moldova at the international level. In 1991, after the break up of Soviet Union, their governments suffer domestic problems. Since they are highly dependent on natural gas, they have to negotiate with Russia. Although they are independent countries, they still abide with Russia’s policy. Fortunately, they are gas transit countries of Russia and EU. Accordingly, they can develop either pro-Russia, pro-EU or in-Between policy. On this sense, they present on different bargaining power with Russia and EU. Thus, taking these three countries as case study, we compare their bargaining power.