習近平主政下之中巴關係研究:以「中巴經濟走廊視角」探析

巴基斯坦對中國具重要戰略意義，在中國外交佔有特殊地位。兩國於1951年建交，因應國際局勢變遷，雙方經歷66年的波折變化、深化交流及全方位合作，迄今已建立「全天候戰略合作夥伴關係」。作為政治體制、社會制度及文化背景截然不同的兩個國家，中巴間密切的友好關係可謂是中國對外關係的獨特創舉，中巴關係對於兩國及南亞地區穩定與發展具有重要意義。 2013年，中國國家主席習近平提出籌建「絲綢之路經濟帶」與「21世紀海上絲綢之路」，合稱「一帶一路」，透過陸、海分進合擊方式，打造一條串連歐、亞、非大陸的世界上最長、最具發展潛力的經濟大走廊，進而創造政治、經濟、文化包容的利益共同體，成為中國現階段對外發展首要戰略，企圖藉此戰略拓展全球經貿版圖及掌握區域，乃至於全球經濟主導權。然隨中國綜合國力增長，已躋身為世界數一數二強國，甚至進一步取代美國成為主宰亞太地區之霸權，國際間引起「中國威脅論」疑慮，美國亦提出「重返亞太」、「亞洲再平衡」等戰略，運用各式外交、經濟手段與軍事演習拉攏亞太等國，形成結盟關係，進一步牽制中國勢力，此時位於重要戰略位置之巴基斯坦，自然成為中、美兩國拉攏之首要對象。此外，巴基斯坦正處於中國「一帶一路」建設交會點上，且中、巴兩國共建之「中巴經濟走廊」及巴基斯坦所屬「瓜達爾港」均為「一帶一路」重要關鍵組成要素，顯見「中巴經濟走廊」影響著中國「一帶一路」戰略之發展，使中國對巴基斯坦援助與交流大幅增加，巴基斯坦戰略地位及重要性顯著提升。「中巴經濟走廊」建設對中巴關係的發展來說既是機遇也是挑戰，未來兩國合作交流與關係發展，值予吾人關注。

關鍵字

中巴關係；中巴經濟走廊；一帶一路；珍珠鍊戰略；瓜達爾港

並列摘要

Pakistan has an important strategic significance to China, and also occupies a special position in China's diplomacy. After establishing diplomatic relations in 1951, the Sino-Pakistan relations have experienced 66 years of changes, in order to response to the international political situation. So far,China and Pakistan have set up an all-weather strategic partnership of cooperation even though their political system, social system, and cultural backgrounds are totally different. The close relations between two countries can be described as an unique, pioneering work of China's foreign relations. The Sino-Pakistan relations have a great significance to the stability and development of the two countries and South Asia. In 2013, the President of China, Xi Jin-Ping proposed the establishment of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road", as known as the "One Belt and One Road Initiative", in order to build the longest and the most promising economic corridor in the world, which connect Europe, Asia, and Africa. It has become China’s primary strategy of external development in an attempt to expand its global economic and trade map and to control the region, even to gain the global economic dominance.However, with the growth of China's comprehensive national power, it has become one of the major powers in the world, and even further replaced the position of United States, which has dominated the Asia-Pacific region. It caused "the China threat" between nations. The United States has also proposed " Returning to Asia-Pacific" and "Rebalancing in Asia" strategies, and use various diplomatic, economic and military exercises to win over the Asia-Pacific region and form an alliance to restrain China. In this case , Pakistan, which is located in an important strategic position, will naturally become the primary target between China and the United States. In addition, Pakistan is at the crossing point of China’s "One Belt and One Road Initiative", and both the "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor"built by China and Pakistan and the "Gwadar Port" owned by Pakistan are the key elements in the " One Belt and One Road Initiative". Obviously, The "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor" has an impact on the development of China's "Belt and Road" strategy, that’s why the assistance and exchange between China and Pakistan have increased substantially. Pakistan's strategic status have been significantly raised. The construction of "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor" is both an opportunity and a challenge to the development of the Sino-Pakistani relations. The future cooperation and the development of bilateral relations are worth our attention.

並列關鍵字

Sino-Pakistan Relationship ； China-Pakistan Economic Corridor ； the Belt and Road ； String of Pearls Strategy ； Gwadar Port

參考文獻

29、Jian Yang and Rashid Ahmed Siddiqi, About All-Weather Relationship：security for foundations of Sino-Pakistan relations since 9/11, Journal of Contemporary China, July 15, 2011, p.565.

4、徐開琦，中國「一帶一路」戰略意涵及其與周邊國家之相互影響，淡江大學陸研所在職專班碩士論文，2017年6月。

5、許志遠，小國外交政策分析：巴基斯坦對中國外交政策1998-2008，淡江大學陸研所文化教育組碩士論文，2009年6月。

壹、專書期刊