- 學位論文
川普時期美國對拉政策－以委內瑞拉為例
Latin America Policy under Trump Administration: Case Study of U.S. Venezuela Policy.
摘要
由於地緣政治和經濟關係，美國的拉丁美洲政策向來是談論到拉美事務時必須關注的議題。同時，由於美國位居西半球的霸權地位，美拉關係的走向可謂繫於美國總統對該區域的政策和態度。然而，川普「美國優先」的政策方針和極具爭議的個人特色，無疑是改變了這個政策，為這段本身就相當複雜難解的關係給予一記重拳。 本文為瞭解川普的拉丁美洲政策，將利用歷史比較法和文獻分析法，從現實主義的角度，觀察美國拉丁美洲政策的制定邏輯，重現美國與拉美國家關係的發展歷程，進而解釋川普任內的拉丁美洲政策。鑑此，筆者先從影響美國拉丁美洲政策深遠的門羅主義開始介紹，並將美國政府如何運用該主義以獲取國家利益的方式進行分類。再者，藉由國際關係的層次分析法，剖析川普的拉丁美洲政策制定背景，聚焦其任內所關注的經貿、安全議題。最後，經由案例分析，本文驗證川普政府的拉丁美洲政策與外界認為有很大的翻轉是不同的，實際上是延續大於改變的。此外，本文也發現門羅主義在與安全相關的議題中，確實持續影響著美國華府決策圈的政策思維。 最後，本文的結論是，由於美國在拉丁美洲追求的國家利益無太大變動，因此川普在該區域的政策與過往相去不遠。主要的差別在於川普個人的傲慢態度，以及其政府對於強調美國自身利益的直白露骨。另外，在川普政府任內，強調域外勢力不可干預的門羅主義，可謂再次浮現在美國的拉美政策檯面上。然而，以上行徑不僅破壞美國的領導地位基石，也讓許多拉美國家憶起過往美帝蠻橫干預的行徑。是故，未來美國若想挽救與拉美國家的關係，勢必得拋棄門羅主義的思維、展現更大決心，以及落實其承諾，方能重建美國在拉美地區的領導地位。
並列摘要
Due to geopolitical and economic relations, the U.S. policy toward Latin America has always been a topic that we must pay attention to when discussing Latin American affairs. At the same time, because of the hegemony of the United States in the Western Hemisphere, the development of bilateral relations between the United States and the various countries of Latin America depends on the U.S. President’s policies and attitudes towards the region. However, Trump's "America First" policy and highly controversial personal characteristics undoubtedly changed the principle of liberal hegemony and gave a heavy blow to this inherently complicated and difficult relationship. In order to understand Trump’s Latin American policy, this thesis will adopt historical comparison and document analysis methods to observe the logic of U.S policy toward Latin America through the lens of realism, reconstruct the evolution of the relationship between the United States and Latin American countries, and then explain Trump’s Latin American policy. In light of this, the dissertation first introduces Monroe Doctrine, which has far-reaching influence on American policies in Latin America, and categorizes the ways the U.S. government uses this Doctrine to obtain national interests. Furthermore, the essay uses level of analysis of international relations to analyze the background of Trump's policy-making in Latin America, focusing on the economic, trade and security issues during his tenure. Finally, through case analysis, this article verifies that the Trump administration’s Latin American policy is quite different from what people usually believe in. In fact, its continuity is greater than change. In addition, this article also discovers that the Monroe Doctrine does continue to influence the policy thinking of the Washington D.C. decision-making circle in security-related issues. Finally, this thesis concludes that since the national interests pursued by the United States in Latin America have not changed much, Trump’s policies in the region are not far from the past. The major difference lies in Trump’s personal arrogance and his government’s outspoken emphasis on the self-interest of the United States. In addition, the Monroe doctrine, which emphasizes the non-intervention of foreign forces, seems to resurface and continue to affect the U.S. policy toward Latin America under Trump’s administration. However, the above actions not only undermine the cornerstone of American leadership, but also remind many Latin American countries of the U.S. imperial intervention in the past. Therefore, if the United States wants to restore its relationship with Latin American countries in the future, it must abandon the Monroe Doctrine, show greater determination, and fulfill its commitments in order to reestablish its leading role in the Latin American region.