成人人際依附風格、自尊與工作成癮傾向之相關性研究

本研究探討成人依附風格、自尊與工作成癮傾向的相關性。綜觀過去研究，工作成癮因趨迫性內在感受與低控制強迫行為，被視為行為成癮，而個體不穩定的自我價值則被認為是成因之一。依附理論認為，成人的依附風格型塑個體對自我及外在世界的認知及互動模式，因此，不安全的依附風格影響成人生活中整體的內外在感受與行為。且因個體具有維持自尊的行為動機，透過工作以維持自尊的需求，也可能因為不同的內在自我評價而有所不同。因此，本研究將探討自尊、成人依附風格與工作成癮傾向的相關性，研究假設低自尊、不安全依附風格與工作成癮傾向具有顯著相關性，且自尊、不安全依附風格能預測工作成癮傾向。研究工具採「人際依附風格量表」、「Rosenberg 自尊量表」以及「工作成癮量表」，以便利取樣共招募262位年滿二十歲有一年以上工作經驗之成人為研究對象，分別進行描述統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關與階層迴歸分析等統計方法進行數據分析。本研究結果主要發現如下：一、不安全的依附類型中，「焦慮型依附」與「排除型依附」在工作成癮傾向上顯著高於「安全型依附」。二、自尊與工作成癮傾向呈現負相關。三、不安全的成人依附風格與低自尊可部分預測工作成癮傾向 3-1成人依附風格類型與自尊共同預測工作成癮傾向時，低自尊及排除型依附類型可預測工作成癮傾向。工作成癮傾向五因子中，低自尊可預測工作成癮測驗五因子中的「克制心情」、「自我專注」傾向，而自尊與依附風格類型兩自變項對於專注工作、保持忙碌、重視成果等三個因子無預測效果。 3-2成人依附風格類型與自尊共同預測工作成癮傾向時，自尊對於工作成癮傾向無預測效果；焦慮型依附傾向與逃避型依附傾向可預測工作成癮傾向。工作成癮傾向五因子中，自尊對於工作成癮傾向五因子無預測效果，焦慮型依附傾向與逃避型依附傾向可預測「克制心情」傾向、逃避型依附傾向可預測「專注工作」、「保持忙碌」、「重視成果」等三個傾向、焦慮型、逃避型與排除型依附傾向可預測「自我專注」傾向。整體而言，本研究假設獲得部分支持，本研究根據結果提出進一步討論，並提供未來研究方向與實務上的建議。

關鍵字

工作狂；依戀風格；自我價值

並列摘要

This study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment style, self-esteem, and work addiction tendency. Work addiction is regarded as a behavior by internal drive feelings and obsessive-compulsive behavior. And the unstable self-worth is considered to be one of the causes of work addiction. According to adult attachment theory, insecure attachment styles have the significant influence on internal feelings and external behaviors in adult life. Because of having the motivation to maintain self-esteem, individuals’ requirement to safeguard self-esteem through working effort may be different from variant self-evaluation. The hypotheses are: low self-esteem, insecure attachment styles and work addiction tendency have significant correlation. And self-esteem, insecure attachment styles could predict work addiction tendency. Questionnaire survey was used as the method of the present study, and data were collected by Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, The Attachment Scales, and Work Addiction Risk Test. The present study recruited 262 participants adult are over 20 years old and one year working experience above. The results of the study are: 1. Among the unsafe attachment types, "anxious attachment" and " dismissing attachment" were significantly higher than "safe attachment" in job addiction. 2. Self-esteem correlated negatively with work addiction tendency. 3. Unsafe adult attachment types and low self-esteem could partially predict work addiction tendency and five factors of WART. 3-1. The adult attachment style types and self-esteem predict the work addiction tendency: low self-esteem and the dismissing type can predict the work addiction tendency. Among the five factors of work addiction tendency, low self-esteem can predict the tendency of “constrained mood” and “self-focus” in the five factors of work addiction test, while the self-esteem and attachment style types which are self-respecting, focusing on work, staying busy, and paying attention to results. The three factors are not predictive. 3-2. The adult dependency styles and self-esteem predict job addiction tendency, self-esteem has no predictive effect on work addiction tendency; preoccupied tendency and fearful tendency can predict work addiction tendency. Among the five factors of job addiction tendency, self-esteem has no predictive effect on the five factors of work addiction tendency. preoccupied attachment tendency and fearful attachment tendency can predict the tendency of "constrained mood", and the tendency of escape attachment can predict "focus on work" and "maintain The three tendencies of preoccupied preoccupied、dismissing and fearful. In sum, the hypotheses of current research were partially supported. According to the findings, here are some suggestions and implication for further research and participate in the future.