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  • 學位論文

拉丁美洲新興左派研究―以委內瑞拉查維茲政權為例

The Study of Latin American Neo-left, take Hugo Chávez’s Regimes for example

指導教授 : 熊建成

摘要


拉丁美洲左派的興衰與國際政治格局和國際情勢有著密切關係,二十世紀五O年代至八O年代拉美左派經歷了一個力量迅速壯大,影響不斷的興盛時期。拉美左派不但在西半球建立了第一個社會主義國家―古巴,在中美洲也建立了尼加拉瓜桑定政權(1979~1990)。二十世紀八O年代末,隨著東歐劇變、蘇共瓦解,導致世界社會主義運動跌入低潮,拉美左派力量也隨之處於邊緣化的境地。 進入二十一世紀後,拉丁美洲政壇上出現最大的變化就是左派力量的重新崛起。而這些新興左派政權的崛起其特色是透過和平的民主選舉而產生的,並非採取激進暴力的革命手段而奪權的,在拉丁美洲新興左派政權中最具代表性的就是委內瑞拉查維茲總統。一九九八年底委內瑞拉大選中,代表左翼勢力的查維茲贏得總統寶座後,為拉丁美洲左派力量重新崛起興起了積極的鼓舞作用,自此拉丁美洲左派政權就如雨後春筍般陸陸續續冒出頭來。 一九九九年查維茲上台後,進行大刀闊斧的改革,查維茲以「玻利瓦革命」為基礎,展開一系列的政治活動,以徹底改變委內瑞拉的經濟和社會情況為目標。由於查維茲的激進改革,觸及了國內既得利益者和美國的利益,導致委內瑞拉反查派人士發動了多次的「政變」企圖推翻查維茲政府。查維茲在經歷了多次的政治危機與風暴全身而退後,使其政權更加鞏固。二OO五年二月,查維茲提出以「二十一世紀社會主義」理念來帶領委內瑞拉走向社會主義道路,而委內瑞拉未來能否在查維茲政權的帶領下朝向社會主義道路邁進,則留待時間來檢驗。

並列摘要


The prosperity and decline of the Latin American left wing has close relation with the international political circumstance. The Latin American left wing rapidly expanded the unceasing prosperous time during 1950s’ to 1980s’. The Latin American left wing not only built the first socialist country- Cuba in the Western Hemisphere, but also established the Nicaraguan Sandinista’s regimes in Central America(1979~1990). The Eastern European drasticlly changed and the Soviet Union disintegrated brought out universal socialism movement and the Latin American left wing to the lowest ebb in the end of 1980s’. The extreme change in the Latin America political circles is the re-rising of Latin American left wing in the 21st century. The characteristic of these neo-left wings is built by election, not by radical violence. The most famous neo-left wing in Latin America is Hugo Chávez’s regimes. On the day of December 6 in 1998,. Chávez’s had won the president election in Venezuela, and it inspired the re-rising of Latin American left wing. From then on, the Latin America neo-left wing is vividly appeared one after another. After being in power in 1999, Chávez launched a series of political activities on the foundation of “Bolivar Revolution ” to take thoroughly changes Venezuelan economical and social situations as the goal. The anti-Chávez activists planned several coups to overthrow Chávez due to his radical reform. Chávez’s regimes became to be more consolidated after he overcame these political crisises. In February 2005, Chávez proposed the idea of “21st century socialism ” to lead Venezuela to move towards the socialist road. The Venezuelan political situation will be moved towards socialist road, or, not under the leading of Hugo Chávez, it needs time to examine.

參考文獻


l 向駿,<委內瑞拉公投始末及影響>,《歷史月刊》,第202期,2004年,頁132-138。
l 向駿,<美國總統布希在拉丁美洲之外交困境>,《國際關係學報》,第二十二期,2006年7月,頁177-184。
l 胡敏遠,<拉丁美洲左傾勢力再起之研究>,《國防雜誌》,第二十一卷第四期,民國九十五年八月,頁35-46。
l 鄧中堅,<崛起的中國在拉丁美洲的政策與作為:追求霸權或是建立夥伴關係>,《國際關係學報》,第二十三期,2007年1月,頁16-47。
l 鍾宛諭,《拉丁美洲新興左派興起因素之研究》(台北,淡江大學拉丁美洲研究所,民國九十六年一月)。

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